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Neurosensory Rehabilitation

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Trigeminal Nerve Injuries

Abstract

Every year in the USA millions of people suffer from somatosensory deficits caused by acute injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Because of the broad scope of the specialty with procedures ranging from trauma to dentoalveolar and orthognathic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgeons will likely encounter patients who experience such an injury. These injuries result in symptoms that range from a loss of sensation (hypoesthesia), to nonpainful tingling sensations (paresthesia), to increased sensitivity to touch or pressure with or without numbness or discomfort (dysesthesia), to peripheral neuropathic pain. The symptoms of somatosensory injury are not constant over time and may include only an abnormal reaction to a stimulus and/or spontaneous pain in the affected area [60, 84]. Treatment options for individuals with persistent altered sensation following peripheral nerve injury remain limited. Microsurgical nerve decompression and repair can be beneficial in some patients but is costly and not indicated for all patients who have persistent, bothersome altered sensation. Recently, two noninvasive therapies have been identified that improve patients’ perception of residual altered sensation (sensory retraining) or accelerate functional recovery (vitamin B12 administration). Evidence supporting the use of these therapies in patients with trigeminal nerve injuries will be presented in this chapter.

The projects were supported in part by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Foundation, an investigator-initiated application to Qol Medical, NIDCR R01 005215, and UNC Clinical Translational Research Center #2572.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Debora Price for her participation in the data collection and analysis for all the research projects and Andrew Blank for technical assistance in manuscript preparation.

Conflict of InterestThe authors have no conflict of interest to report.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry CB# 7450, Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7450, USA

    Greg K. Essick DDS, PhD

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7450, USA

    George Blakey III DDS

  3. Department of Orthodontics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7450, USA

    Ceib Phillips MPH, PhD

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  1. Greg K. Essick DDS, PhD
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Correspondence to Greg K. Essick DDS, PhD .

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  1. , Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Illinois, S. Paulina St. MC 835 801, Chicago, 60612, Illinois, USA

    Michael Miloro

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Essick, G.K., Blakey, G., Phillips, C. (2013). Neurosensory Rehabilitation. In: Miloro, M. (eds) Trigeminal Nerve Injuries. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35539-4_18

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