Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the Treatment of Stones Within Horseshoe Kidneys and in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Difficult Cases in Endourology

  • 994 Accesses

Abstract

Horseshoe kidneys and adult polycystic kidneys are some of the most prevalent renal anomalies with high incidence of urolithiasis. They represent special challenges in the management of stone disease.

Horseshoe kidney is the most prevalent anomaly of renal fusion. It represents 0.25 % of the general population. The most common complications associated with horseshoe kidney necessitating surgical intervention are urolithiasis and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Urolithiasis occurs in 20 % of horseshoe. Urinary stasis and the resultant recurrent urinary tract infections are the main risk factors for urolithiasis in such kidneys (up to 35 and 41 %, respectively). Stasis results from the high insertion of the ureter, its anterior course over the isthmus, and the variation in the arterial and venous vasculature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Yohannes A, Smith A. The endourological management of complications associated with horseshoe kidney. J Urol. 2002;168:5–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Raj G, Auge B, Weizer A, et al. Percutaneous management of calculi within horseshoe kidneys. J Urol. 2003;170:48–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Smith J, Van Arsdalen K, Hanno P, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment of calculi in horseshoe kidneys. J Urol. 1989;142:683–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Torres V, Erickson S, Smith L, et al. The association of nephrolithiasis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1988;11:318–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Torres V, Wilson D, Hattery R, et al. Renal stone disease in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1993;22:513–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dimitrakov D, Simeonov S. Studies on nephrolithiasis in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Folia Med. 1994;436:27–30.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Grampsas S, Chandhoke P, Fan J, et al. Anatomic and metabolic risk factors for nephrolithiasis in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:53–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ng C, Yost A, Streem S. Nephrolithiasis associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: contemporary urological management. J Urol. 2000;163:726–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Al-Kandari A, Shoma A, Eraky I, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for management of upper urinary tract calculi in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Urology. 2009;74:273–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Nishiura J, Neves R, Eloi S, et al. Evaluation of nephrolithiasis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:838–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Baskin L, Floth A, Stoller M. The horseshoe kidney: therapeutic considerations with urolithiasis. J Endourol. 1989;3:51–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Clayman R. Effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the management of stone-bearing horseshoe kidneys. J Urol. 1998;160:1949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gallucci M, Vincenzoni A, Schettini M, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in ureteral and kidney malformations. Urol Int. 2001;66:61–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gonzalez Enguita C, Calahorra Fernandez F, Cabrera Perez J, et al. Surgery of renoureteral lithiasis. Current indications. Actas Urol Esp. 2001;25:610–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Amar A, Das S, Egan R. Management of urinary calculus disease in patients with renal cysts: review of 12 years of experience in 18 patients. J Urol. 1981;125:153–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Martinez Sarmiento M, Broseta R, Sanz Chinesta S, et al. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in polycystic kidneys. Actas Urol Esp. 1994;18:35–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Delakas D, Daskalopoulos G, Cranidis A. Extracor­poreal shock wave lithotripsy for urinary calculi in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Endourol. 1997;11:167–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kirkali Z, Esen A, Mungan M. Effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the management of stone-bearing horseshoe kidneys. J Endourol. 1996;10:13–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sheir K, Madbouly K, Elsobky E, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in anomalous kidneys: 11-year experience with two second-generation lithotripters. Urology. 2003;62:10–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tunc L, Tokgoz H, Tan M, et al. Stones in anomalous kidneys: results of treatment by shock wave lithotripsy in 150 patients. Int J Urol. 2004;11:831–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Cass A. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones with renal cysts present. J Urol. 1995;153:599–601.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Deliveliotis C, Argiropoulos V, Varkarakis J, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy produces a lower stone-free rate in patients with stones and renal cysts. Int J Urol. 2002;9:11–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Andreoni C, Portis A, Clayman R. Retrograde renal pelvic access sheath to facilitate flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy for the treatment of urolithiasis in a horseshoe kidney. J Urol. 2000;164:1290–1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Weizer A, Springhart W, Ekeruo W, et al. Ureteroscopic management of renal calculi in anomalous kidneys. Urology. 2005;65:259–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kuo R, Lingeman J, Leveillee R, et al. Lower pole II: initial results from a comparison of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PNL) for lower pole nephrolithiasis. J Urol. 2003;169:486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Janetschek G, Kunzel K. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidneys: applied anatomy and clinical experience. Br J Urol. 1988;62:117–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shokeir A, El-Nahas A, Shoma A, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treatment of large stones within horseshoe kidneys. Urology. 2004;64:426–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Munver R, Delvecchio F, Newman G, et al. Critical analysis of supracostal access for percutaneous renal surgery. J Urol. 2001;166:1242–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Al-Otaibi K, Hosking D. Percutaneous stone removal in horseshoe kidneys. J Urol. 1999;162:674–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jones DJ, Wickham JEA, Kellett MJ. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for calculi in horseshoe kidneys. J Urol. 1991;145:481–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lampel A, Hohenfellner M, Schultz-Lampel D, et al. Urolithiasis in horseshoe kidneys: therapeutic management. Urology. 1996;47:182–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lingeman J, Saw K. Percutaneous operative procedures in horseshoe kidneys. J Urol Suppl. 1999;161:371, abstract 1436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Gupta N, Mishra S, Seth A, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in abnormal kidneys: single-center experience. Urology. 2009;73:710–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rana A, Bhojwani J. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in renal anomalies of fusion, ectopia, rotation, hypoplasia, and pelvicalyceal aberration: uniformity in heterogeneity. J Endourol. 2009;23:609–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Skolarikos A, Binbay M, Bisas A, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidneys: factors affecting stone-free rate. J Urol. 2001;186:1894–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Segura J, Patterson D, Le Roy A, et al. Percutaneous removal of kidney stones: review of 1000 cases. J Urol. 1985;134:1077–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. El-Kenawy M, El-Kappany H, El-Diasty T, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones in over 1000 cases. Br J Urol. 1992;69:470–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gerspach J, Bellman G, Stoller M, et al. Conservative management of colon injury following percutaneous renal surgery. Urology. 1997;49:831–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. El-Nahas A, Shokeir A, El-assmy A, et al. Colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: study of risk factors. Urology. 2006;67:937–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Skoog S, Reed M, Gaudier F, et al. The posterolateral and the retrorenal colon: implication in percutaneous stone extraction. J Urol. 1985;134:110–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Goswami A, Shrivastava P, Mukherjee A, et al. Management of colonic perforation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidney. J Endourol. 2001;15:989–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Aron M, Yadav R, Goel R, et al. Multi-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large complete staghorn calculi. Urol Int. 2005;75:327–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Michel M, Trojan L, Rassweiler J. Complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Eur Urol. 2007;51:899–906.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Umbreit E, Childs M, Patterson D, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large or multiple upper tract calculi and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J Urol. 2010;183:183–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, El Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    Ahmed Abed M.D., Ahmed R. El-Nahas M.D. & Ahmed A. Shokeir M.D., Ph.D., FEBU

  2. Department of Surgery, Kuwait University, Jabriyah, Kuwait City, 13110, Kuwait

    Ahmed M. Al-Kandari M.D., FRCS(C)

Authors
  1. Ahmed Abed M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmed R. El-Nahas M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmed M. Al-Kandari M.D., FRCS(C)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ahmed A. Shokeir M.D., Ph.D., FEBU
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed A. Shokeir M.D., Ph.D., FEBU .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fac. Medicine, Dept. Surgery, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait

    Ahmed M. Al-Kandari

  2. , Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Dr Virendra Desai Road, Nadiad, 387 001, India

    Mahesh Desai

  3. , Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    Ahmed A. Shokeir

  4. , Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt

    Ahmed M. Shoma

  5. , Smith Institute for Urology, Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, 11040, USA

    Arthur D. Smith

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Abed, A., El-Nahas, A.R., Al-Kandari, A.M., Shokeir, A.A. (2013). Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the Treatment of Stones Within Horseshoe Kidneys and in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. In: Al-Kandari, A., Desai, M., Shokeir, A., Shoma, A., Smith, A. (eds) Difficult Cases in Endourology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-083-8_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-083-8_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-082-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-083-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation