Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Manihot esculenta

  • Chapter
Medicinal Plants of the World

  • 1075 Accesses

Abstract

A perennial shrub of the EUPHORBIACEAE family with slender, little-branched, erect nodose, glaborous stems, arising from a stock bearing thick, tuberous roots; usually growing to about 3 meters high. Leaves are spirally arranged, long-stalk to a blade deeply divided into 3 to 7 linear to elliptic-lanceolate lobes, exuding a milky sap when broken. Flowers are not often formed because plants are harvested before flowering takes place. Fruit is a small capsule; seeds are mottled and about 12 mm long.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. McCuddin, C. R. Samoan Medicinal Plants and Their Usage. Office of Comprehensive Health Planning, Department of Medical Services. Government of American Samoa, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bouquet, A. and M. Debray. Medicinal plants of the Ivory Coast. Tray Doc Orstom 1974; 32: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Weeks, J. H. Among the Primitive Bakongo. Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd. England, 1914; 108.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Clapp, R. C., F. H. Bissett, R. A. Coburn and L. Long, Jr. Cyanogenesis in manioc: Linamarin and isolinamarin. Phvtochemistry 1966; 5: 1323–1326.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bissett, F. H., R. C. Clapp, R. A. Coburn, M. G. Ettlinger and L. Long, Jr. Cyanogenesis in manioc: Concerning lotaustralin. Phytochemistry 1969; 8: 2235–2247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sakai, T. and Y. Nakagawa. Diterpenic stress metabolites from cassava roots. Phytochemistry 1988; 27(12): 3769–3779.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Camarotti, A. J. Determination of hydrogen cyanide in Manihot esculenta using paper strips impregnated with isopurpurate. Mem Inst Biocienc Univ Fed Pernambuco 1974; 1: 107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Prabhu, V. K. K. and M. John. Juvenomimetic activity in some plants. Experientia 1975; 31: 913.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Pieris, N., G. G. Premadasa and E. R. Jansz. A method for assay of total potential cyanide in manioc flour. J Natl Sci Counc Sri Lanka 1974; 1: 207.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Jansz, E. R., N. Pieris, E. E. Jeya Raj and D. J. Abeyratne. Cyanogenic glucoside content of manioc. II. Detoxification of manioc chips and flour. J Natl Sci Counc Sri Lanka 1975; 2: 129.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Valyasevi, A. and S. Dhanamitta. Bladder stone disease in Thailand. XVII. Effect of exogenous sources of oxalate on crystalluria. Amer J Clin Nutr 1974; 27: 877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pieris, N., E. R. Jansz and R. Kandage. Cyanogenic glucoside content of manioc. I. An enzymic method of determination applied to processed manioc. J Natl Sci Counc Sri Lanka 1974; 2: 67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Pieris, N. and E. R. Jansz. Cyanogenic glucoside content of manioc. III. Fate of bound cyanide on processing and cooking. J Natl Sci Counc Sri Lanka 1975: 3: 41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Schultes, R. E. De plantes toxicariie e Mundo Novo Tropicale commentationes. XIX. Biodynamic Apocyna-ceous plants of the Northwest Amazon. J Ethnopharmacol 1979; 1(2): 165–192.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Holdsworth, D. K. Traditional medicinal plants of Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Part II. Int J Pharmacog 1991; 29(1): 71–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lykkesfeldt, J. and B. L. Moller. Cyanogenic glycosides in cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz. Acta Chem Scand 1994; 48(2): 178–180.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lalaguna, F. Purification of fresh cassava root polyphenols by solid-phase extraction with amberlite XAD-8 resin. J Chromatogr A 1993; 657(2): 445–449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ugochukwu, E. N. and I. U. W. Osisiogu. Hydrogen sulphide from leaves of Manihot utilissima. Planta Med Suppl 1977; 32: 105–109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Premakumari, K. and P. A. Kurup. Lipid metabolism in rats fed rice and tapioca. Indian J Med Res 1982; 76: 488–493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Brimer, L., S. B. Christensen, P. Molgaard and F. Nartey. Determination of cyanogenic compounds by thin-layer chromatography. 1. A densitometric method for quantification of cyanogenic glycosides, employing enzyme preparations (beta-glucuronidase) from Helix pomatia and picrate-impregnated ion-exchange sheet. J Agr Food Chem 1983; 31(4): 789–793.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Obidoa, O. and V. O. S. Ngodo. Effect of prolonged consumption of gari (cassava, Manihot utilissima) in rat hepatic energy metabolism. 1. Mitochondrial respiratory control. Qual Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1984; 34(3): 159–168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dufour, D. L. Cyanide content of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae) cultivars used by Tukanoan Indians in Northwest Amazonia. Econ Bot 1988; 42(2): 255–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cooles, P. Diabetes and cassava in Dominica. Trop Geograph Med 1988; 40(3): 272–273.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. De Messter, C., B. Rollmann, K. Mupenda and Y. Mary. The mutagenicity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) preparations. Food Add Contam 1990; 7(1): 125–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Akanji, A. O., I. Adeyefa, M. CharlesDavies and B. O. Osotimehin. Plasma glucose and thiocyanate responses to different mixed cassava meals in nondiabetic Nigerians. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990; 44(1): 71–77.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Itokawa, H., F. Hirayama, S. Tsuruoka, K. Mizuno, K. Takeya and A. Nitta. Screening test for antitumor activity of crude drugs (III). Studies on antitumor activity of Indonesian medicinal plants. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 1990; 44(1): 58–62.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gasperi-Campani, A., L. Barbieri, M. G. Battelli and F. Stirpe. On the distribution of ribosome-inactivating proteins amongst plants. J Anat Prod 1985; 48(3): 446–454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kamalu, B. P. and J. C. Agharanya. The effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 2. Thyroid. Brit J Nutr 1991; 65(3): 373–379.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kamalu, B. P. The effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model. 1. Pancreas. Brit Nutr 1991; 65(3): 365–372.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Maduagwu, E. N. and I. B. Umoh. Detoxification of cassava leaves by simple traditional methods. Toxicol Lett 1982; 10: 245–248.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Olusi, S. O., O. L. Oke and A. Odusote. Effects of cyanogenic agents on reproduction and neonatal development in rats. Biol Neonate 1979; 36: 233–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Eshiett, N. O., A. A. Ademosun and T. A. Omole. Effect of feeding cassava root meal on reproduction and growth of rabbits. J Nutr 1980; 110: 697–702.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bourdoux, P., F. Delange, M. Gerard, M. Mafuta, A. Hanson and A. M. Ermans. Antithyroid action of cassava in humans. Int Dev Res Cent Rept IDRC 1980; 61–8: 167–172.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Medina, F. R. and R. Woodbury. Terrestrial plants molluscicidal to Lymnaeid hosts of Fasciliasis hepatica in Puerto Rico. J Agr Univ Puerto Rico 1979; 63: 366–376.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Rosa de Battisti, C., F. F. F. Teles, D. T. Coelho, A. Jose da Silveira and C. M. Batista. Determination of hydrogen cyanide toxicity and total soluble carbohydrates in cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz). Rev Ceres 1981; 28: 521–525.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Singh, K. V. and R. K. Pathak. Effect of leaves extracts of some higher plants on spore germination of U stilago maydes and U. nuda. Fitoterapia 1984; 55(5): 318–320.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Singh, J. D. The teratogenic effect of dietary cassava on the pregnant albino rat: A preliminary report. Teratology 1981; 24: 289–291.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Singh, Y. N. Traditional medicine in Fiji. Some herbal folk cures used by Fiji Indians. J Ethnopharmacol 1986; 15(1): 57–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M1E039 Hershman, J. M., A. E. Pekary, M. Sugawara, M. Adler, L. Turner, J. A. Demetriou and J. D. Hershman. Cassava is not a goitrogen in mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1985; 180(1): 72–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Weniger, B., M. Rouzier, R. Daguilh, D. Henrys, J. H. Henrys and R. Anthon. Popular medicine of the Central Plateau of Haiti. 2. Ethnopharmacological inventory. J Ethnopharmacol 1986; 17(1): 13–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kloss, H., F. W. Thiongo, J. H. Ouma and A. E. Butterworth. Preliminary evaluation of some wild and cultivated plants from snail control in Machakos District, Kenya. J Trop Med Hyg 1987; 90(4): 197–204.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kulakkattolickal, A. Piscicidal plants of Nepal: Preliminary toxicity screening using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fingerlings. J Ethnopharmacol 1987; 21(1): 1–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Wee, Y. C., P. Gopalakrishnakone and A. Chan. Poisonous plants in Singapore — A colour chart for identification with symptoms and signs of poisoning. Toxicon 1988; 26(1): 47.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Fernando, R. Plant poisoning in Sri Lanka. Toxicon 1988; 26(1): 20.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Macrae, W. D., J. B. Hudson and G. H. N. Towers. Studies on the pharmacological activity of Amazonian Euphorbiaceae. J Ethnopharmacol 1988; 22(2): 143–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Cliff, J., P. Lundquist, H. Rosling, B. Sorbo and L. Wide. Thyroid function in a cassava-eating population affected by epidemic spastic paraparesis. Acta Endocrinol 1986; 113(4): 523–528.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Subramanian, S. S., S. Nagarajan and N. Sulochana. Flavonoids of some Euphorbiaceous plants. Phytochemistry 1971; 10: 2548–2549.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kamil, M., Ilyas, W. Rahman, M. Okigawa and N. Kawano. Biflavones from Manihot utilissima. Phytochemistry 1994: 13: 2619–2620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Mathangi, D. C. and A. Namasivayam. Effect of cassava consumption on open-field behaviour and brain neurotransmitters in albino rats. Physiol Behav 2000; 70(1–2): 89–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Mathangi, D. C., R. Deepa, V. Mohan, M. Govindarajan and A. Namasivayam. Long-term ingestion of cassava (tapioca) does not produce diabetes or pancreatitis in the rat model. Int J Pancreatol 2000; 27(3): 203–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Banea-Mayambu, J. P., T. Tylleskar, K. Tylleskar, M. Gebre-Medhin and H. Roslin. Dietary cyanide from insufficiently processed cassava and growth retardation in children in Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire). Ann Trop Paediatr 2000; 20(1): 34–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Carod-Artal, F. J., A. P. Vargas and C. del Negro. Spastic paraparesis due to long term consumption of wild cassava (Manihot esculenta): a neurotic model of motor neuron disease. Rev Neurol 1999; 29(7): 610–613.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ezeanyika, L. U., O. Obidoa and V. O. Shoyinka. Comparative effects of scopoletin and cyanide on rat brain, 1: histopathology. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1999; 53(4): 351–358.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Dillon, J. C., D. Faivre, G. Ciornei, G. Sall. The consumption of cassava is not responsible for the etiology of endemic goiter in rural areas in Senegal. Sante 1999: 9(2): 93–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Mathangi, D. C., V. Mohan and A. Namasivayam. Effect of cassava on motor co-ordination and neurotransmitter level in albino rat. Food Chem Toxicol 1999; 37(1): 57–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Ivan A. Ross
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ross, I.A. (2003). Manihot esculenta. In: Medicinal Plants of the World. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-365-1_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-365-1_18

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-469-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-365-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation