Neurology

After TBI, 10–20% of patients go on to develop progressive periarticular lamellar bone formation in extraskeletal tissues. This rare case involved significant pain and impaired motion in all four limbs.

Cerebellar, hippocampal, and basal nuclei transient edema with restricted diffusion (CHANTER) syndrome is a rare disorder associated with opioid neurotoxicity and almost exclusively seen in adults.

A patient with type II respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed with RYR1-related myopathy, highlighting the importance of considering congenital myopathies in the differential diagnosis.

Multiple lesions in the lungs, brain, and eyes developed shortly after near drowning in a car accident, caused by Scedosporium apiospermum. Fungal infection should be considered in rapidly progressing brain abscesses.

Anti-platelet factor (PF4) disorders are severe and diagnosis may be challenging. Intracranial hemorrhage could present first but usually develops secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

Poor dental health can lead to life-threatening CNS infections, even in a healthy individual. This is the first case of ventriculitis caused by an oral pathogen.

Primary brain rhabdomyosarcoma primarily occurs in children, but this case in a 26-year-old sheds light on managing the condition in adults.

CTE is a degenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head trauma. This case follows a former professional football player with short-term memory deficits at 69 years through to diagnosis with CTE at 82 years.

How should you react to an acute MI immediately after a craniotomy for tumor resection? Management of such patients requires carefully balancing the competing risks of myocardial ischemia and postoperative bleeding. 

Late orbital radiotherapy combined with intravenous methylprednisolone successfully treated a patient with recurrent and long-lasting unilateral reactivating Graves’ orbitopathy.

Assessing heart failure progression in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is challenging due to the multisystem nature of the disease. This is the first use of an implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitor.

In the most common subtypes of autoimmune limbic encephalitis, existing biomarkers often display unspecific and subtle changes. But [¹⁸F]DPA-714-PET-MRI shows potential as a direct imaging marker of neuroinflammation.

HC-HB is a rare movement disorder that can occur in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis. The mainstay of treatment is prompt correction of hyperglycemia.

In a patient with ventriculoperitoneal shunt dysfunction, exteriorization surgery revealed blue coloring of the catheter, indicating bacterial colonization. This phenomenon has been seen in urinary infections but not CNS pathologies.

In generalized myasthenia gravis, debilitating muscle weakness can escalate to a crisis, requiring invasive ventilation for respiratory failure. Ravulizumab successfully treated a patient in severe crisis who was resistant to multiple standard therapies.

Headache is relatively common in patients after stent placement for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, but this is the first report of nummular headache.

Hydrocephalus is a rare complication of neurosarcoidosis, usually requiring prompt high-dose IV corticosteroids and neurosurgical treatment. Neurosurgery can have severe complications, but select cases may be eligible for drug treatment only.

In abrupt onset of cognitive impairment, seizures, or focal neurological deficits, particularly cases with underlying lesions or following procedures carrying a risk of air induction, cerebral air embolism could be the culprit.

Osteomas are benign tumors containing cortical and cancellous bone tissues. 18 years after a head trauma, a huge osteoma was discovered following a month of headaches, syncope episodes, and blurred vision.

Procedural stroke is a major complication of cardiac catheterization and endovascular procedures, and recognizing the signs is crucial. In this case, internuclear ophthalmoplegia caused blurred vision, diplopia, and dizziness on lateral gaze.