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26-04-2025 | Xanthine Alkaloid | REVIEW

Linking Hyperuricemia to Cancer: Emerging Evidence on Risk and Progression

Authors: Lingyun Zhao, Ruihong Guo, Ziming Zhao, Jue Wang, Zhonghan Lou, Jianfeng Bao, Wei Zheng, Qiang Wang, Liang Qiao, Yun Ye, Hiu Yee Kwan, Hua Zhou, Qibiao Wu, Keyang Xu

Published in: Current Oncology Reports

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Metabolic disorders significantly contribute to cancer burden globally. Uric acid (UA), a recognized metabolic risk factor linked to gout, also promotes insulin resistance, fatty liver, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. This systematic review evaluates UA’s dual role in cancer, synthesizing epidemiological, mechanistic, and clinical evidence to clarify its potential as a therapeutic target.

Recent Findings

The research of UA on cancer development mainly focuses on a clinical observational study, with limited molecular mechanism exploration. The associations between UA and cancer risk remain controversial, as sometimes the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing properties of UA are presented. There is lacking a systematic and updated review for summarizing the role of hyperuricemia on cancer risk and progression. The precise mechanism of UA in either enhancing or inhibiting cancer progression remains uncertain.

Summary

Serum uric acid (SUA) exhibits paradoxical roles in cancer, with its effects varying by tumor type, concentration, gender, and disease stage. While UA predominantly drives tumorigenesis in most cancers, it shows protective effects in specific malignancies such as soft-tissue sarcoma and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, potentially through antioxidant activity at lower concentrations. Mechanistically, UA highly participate in the cancer risk and progression through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, disrupting T cell activation and dendritic cell maturation, exacerbating insulin resistance, and driving xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) expression during the process of wound healing. Emerging clinical and mechanistic evidence highlights its oncogenic potential, underscoring the need for large-scale randomized controlled trials and cohort studies to clarify the relationship between hyperuricemia and cancer progression. Future research should prioritize exploring anti-UA therapies for cancer treatment, developing advanced animal models to dissect UA’s mechanisms, and integrating diverse genomic datasets to unravel its context-dependent roles. Addressing these gaps will advance targeted strategies to leverage UA biology in cancer management.
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Metadata
Title
Linking Hyperuricemia to Cancer: Emerging Evidence on Risk and Progression
Authors
Lingyun Zhao
Ruihong Guo
Ziming Zhao
Jue Wang
Zhonghan Lou
Jianfeng Bao
Wei Zheng
Qiang Wang
Liang Qiao
Yun Ye
Hiu Yee Kwan
Hua Zhou
Qibiao Wu
Keyang Xu
Publication date
26-04-2025
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Oncology Reports
Print ISSN: 1523-3790
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6269
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-025-01677-z

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