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Stroke in autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Patients with ARDs have a significantly increased risk for stroke. Review the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical characteristics, prevention strategies, and post-stroke rehabilitation in this patient population.

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Editor's Choice

Emerging strategies for Neuro-Behcet syndrome

Early recognition and aggressive immunosuppression are essential to preventing irreversible neurological damage in Neuro‑Behçet syndrome. Explore the emerging diagnostic techniques and evolving long‑term treatment strategies improving patient outcomes.

GPA masquerading as a hydatid cyst

A woman with a history of hepatic echinococcosis presented with pulmonary lesions that did not improve with antiparasitic therapy, prompting rheumatologic evaluation and a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Could TNF-α inhibitors treat IRVAN syndrome?

IRVAN – idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms and neuroretinitis – risks severe vision loss in refractory cases. In this case, marked improvement after anti-VEGF failure suggests adalimumab may be an effective option that targets underlying inflammation.

Thrombo-inflammation and aspirin in Kawasaki disease

Cardiac and thrombotic problems are severe outcomes of Kawasaki disease. The standard therapy is intravenous immunoglobulin plus aspirin but the ideal aspirin dose is still controversial.

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Case Studies

GPA masquerading as a hydatid cyst

A woman with a history of hepatic echinococcosis presented with pulmonary lesions that did not improve with antiparasitic therapy, prompting rheumatologic evaluation and a diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Could TNF-α inhibitors treat IRVAN syndrome?

IRVAN – idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms and neuroretinitis – risks severe vision loss in refractory cases. In this case, marked improvement after anti-VEGF failure suggests adalimumab may be an effective option that targets underlying inflammation.

Psoriasiform eruption in Kawasaki disease

An infant diagnosed with Kawasaki disease developed impetigo-like psoriasiform eruption that was refractory to oral antibiotics and topical steroids, and only improved after treatment with oral prednisolone.

Current Reviews

Regulatory T cells as a potential treatment for autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

Autoimmune diseases result from the immune system’s inability to distinguish between self and non-self, destroying healthy tissue. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a unique subset of CD4 + T cells, which play a crucial role in immune tolerance and …

Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus: mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical pathways with insights from autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, action, or both. Glucocorticoid-induced DM (GIDM) is a clinically significant subtype, especially in rheumatology, where glucocorticoids (GCs) …

Coexistence of Sjögren’s disease and Takayasu arteritis in a woman: a case-based review

Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the exocrine glands, while Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a large-vessel vasculitis involving the aorta and its major branches. Although SjD frequently overlaps …

The role of microRNAs in Kawasaki disease: a systematic review

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis affecting medium-sized vessels and characterized by fever lasting more than 5 days. Differential diagnosis of KD is challenging. Microribonucleic acids (miRNA/miR) have been widely studied as potential …

Further Reading

Screening of osteoporosis in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is quite low: results from a country-wide study

Patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) are at increased risk of osteoporosis due to multiple disease- and treatment-related factors. However, real-world data on osteoporosis screening practices in this population remain limited. The aim of …

‌Coronary inflammatory imaging and clinical factors: associations with coronary artery aneurysm regression in pediatric Kawasaki disease

The factors influencing the regression of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) in Kawasaki disease (KD) remain incompletely understood. Recent studies suggest a potential role for coronary inflammation and fat attenuation index (FAI) of perivascular …

Paediatric rheumatologic emergencies: clinical spectrum and outcomes from a 3-year cohort study

Paediatric rheumatologic emergencies are rare but potentially fatal, and may present as the first manifestation of an underlying rheumatic disease. These conditions frequently present with nonspecific constitutional or organ-specific symptoms …

Avacopan for severe pulmonary hemorrhage requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with MPO-ANCA positive vasculitis

Myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-positive vasculitis frequently affects the kidney and the lung, with alveolar hemorrhage being fatal. Whereas aggressive immunosuppressive therapies are conventionally used, recent …

Image Credits
Stroke illustration/© Thipphaphone / Generated with AI / stock.adobe.com, Neurologist examining MRI brain scan/© Gorodenkoff / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Histopathology of patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis/© 2026, Tuba Yuce Inel et al, under exclusive licence to International League of Associations for Rheumatology, Clin Rheumatol, Illustration of adalimumab blocking the TNF-α receptor binding site /© Juan Gärtner / stock.adobe.com, Girl taking pill/© teen00000 / Stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Close-up of woman showing mouth ulcer on inner lower lip/© Marija Bazarova / Getty Images / iStock (symbolic image with model), Female doctor making stop sign with her hand/© Marta Ortiz / Getty Images / iStock, Close-up of gloved hand filling syringe from a vial/© New Africa / stock.adobe.com, Woman taking pill/© amenic181 / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Adrenal glands/© Anatomy Insider / Stock.adobe.com, Older woman with a severe headache/© Satjawat / stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model), Psoriasiform eruption in infant with Kawasaki disease/© 2026, Yuko Hayashi et al, under exclusive licence to International League of Associations for Rheumatology, Clin Rheumatol