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Open Access 01-02-2025 | Underweight | Original Contribution

Is underweight associated with poorer diet, nutrient status, bone and cardiometabolic health, and school performance in Danish 8-11-year-olds?

Authors: Anne V. Aurup, Katrine Strandberg-Larsen, Rikke Andersen, Anja Biltoft-Jensen, Lotte Lauritzen, Camilla T. Damsgaard

Published in: European Journal of Nutrition | Issue 1/2025

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Abstract

Purpose

Underweight, i.e. low body mass index for age and sex, may indicate undernutrition, but despite high prevalence, this aspect is largely overlooked in children in high-income countries. We explored if dietary intake, nutrient status, body composition, bone mineralization, cardiometabolic markers and school performance differed in schoolchildren with underweight compared to normal- and overweight.

Methods

We used cross-sectional data from 815 Danish 8-11-year-old children collected in 2011. Intake of foods, macronutrients and key micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc and selenium) was assessed by 7-day dietary records. Measurements included anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and tests of attention and reading skills. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for biomarkers of iron, long-chain n-3 fatty acids and vitamin D status as well as blood lipids, insulin and growth markers.

Results

Eighty-three (10.2%) children had underweight and were shown to have a lower intake of energy, red meat, protein and zinc and higher intake of added sugar than children with normal- and overweight. They also had higher fish intake relative to overweight, but blood biomarkers did not differ between groups. Children with underweight had lower fat percent and bone mineralization compared to peers with normalweight, but apart from lower insulin, they did not differ in overall cardiometabolic health or school performance.

Conclusion

Although we found some differences in diet, there were no considerable differences in nutrient status, cardiometabolic health or school performance between children with underweight and their normalweight peers. However, the lower bone mineralization is a concern and needs further investigation.
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Metadata
Title
Is underweight associated with poorer diet, nutrient status, bone and cardiometabolic health, and school performance in Danish 8-11-year-olds?
Authors
Anne V. Aurup
Katrine Strandberg-Larsen
Rikke Andersen
Anja Biltoft-Jensen
Lotte Lauritzen
Camilla T. Damsgaard
Publication date
01-02-2025
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Nutrition / Issue 1/2025
Print ISSN: 1436-6207
Electronic ISSN: 1436-6215
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03528-2

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Frailty has a significant impact on health and wellbeing, especially in older adults. Our experts explain the factors that contribute to the development of frailty and how you can manage the condition and reduce the risk of disability, dependency, and mortality in your patients.

Prof. Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft
Prof. Barbara C. van Munster
Prof. Mirko Petrovic
Developed by: Springer Medicine
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A quick guide to ECGs

Improve your ECG interpretation skills with this comprehensive, rapid, interactive course. Expert advice provides detailed feedback as you work through 50 ECGs covering the most common cardiac presentations to ensure your practice stays up to date. 

PD Dr. Carsten W. Israel
Developed by: Springer Medizin
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At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine
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