Skip to main content

Advanced Search

Projected result for your current search:: 0

Search Operators:

You can use operators in your search query to narrow down your results even more. Click on the search operator to see an explanation of how it works.
Finds documents with exactly this word group, in exactly this word order and spelling (e.g. "employer branding").
Finds documents with both search terms (e.g. sales AND bonus).
Finds documents with one or the other search term (e.g. porsche OR volkswagen).
Finds documents with all search terms. Blank space is understood as AND (e.g. man robot production).
Finds documents with no appearance of the word behind NOT (e.g. ford NOT "harrison ford").
Finds documents where the search term is mentioned at least "n" times."n" may be any number (e.g. COUNT(gear)>8).
Finds documents with both search terms in any word order, permitting "n" words as a maximum distance between them. Best choose between 15 and 30 (e.g. NEAR(recruit, professionals, 20)).
Finds documents with the search term in word versions or composites. The asterisk * marks whether you wish them BEFORE, BEHIND, or BEFORE and BEHIND the search term (e.g. lightweight*, *lightweight, *lightweight*).
Finds documents with the search term in different spellings. "?" allows only one character (e.g. organi?ation).
Special characters are understood as AND (e.g. Miller Bros. & Sons).
 Log in
Top
Current Cardiology Reports

Unexplained Residual Risk In Type 2 Diabetes: How Big Is The Problem?

  • 18-04-2024
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (D Bruemmer, Section Editor)
Published in:
Authors
Sivaram Neppala
Jemema Rajan
Eric Yang
Ralph A. DeFronzo
Published in
Current Cardiology Reports | Issue 6/2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review

What is new? Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D) individuals. Of the major risk factors for CVD, less than 10% of T2D people meet the American Diabetes Association/American Heart Association recommended goals of therapy. The present review examines how much of the absolute cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes patients can be explained by major CV intervention trials.

Recent Findings

Multiple long-term cardiovascular (CV) intervention trials have examined the effect of specific target-directed therapies on the MACE endpoint. Only one prospective study, STENO-2, has employed a multifactorial intervention comparing intensified versus conventional treatment of modifiable risk factors in T2D patients, and demonstrated a 20% absolute CV risk reduction.

Summary

If the absolute CV risk reduction in these trials is added to that in the only prospective multifactorial intervention trial (STENO-2), the unexplained CV risk is 44.1%.
What are the clinical implications?
  • Potential explanations for the unaccounted-for reduction in absolute CV risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are discussed.
  • Hypothesis: failure to take into account synergistic interactions between major cardiovascular risk factors is responsible for the unexplained CV risk in T2D patients.
  • Simultaneous treatment of all major CV risk factors to recommended AHA/ADA guideline goals is required to achieve the maximum reduction in CV risk.
Title
Unexplained Residual Risk In Type 2 Diabetes: How Big Is The Problem?
Authors
Sivaram Neppala
Jemema Rajan
Eric Yang
Ralph A. DeFronzo
Publication date
18-04-2024
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Cardiology Reports / Issue 6/2024
Print ISSN: 1523-3782
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3170
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-024-02055-0
This content is only visible if you are logged in and have the appropriate permissions.
This content is only visible if you are logged in and have the appropriate permissions.

Other articles of this Issue 6/2024

Applying AI to the humble ECG

Chagas Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Sympathetic Denervation

  • Neurotomy
  • Nuclear Cardiology (V Dilsizian, Section Editor)

Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Outcomes for Patients with Adult Congenital Heart Disease

  • Heart Failure
  • Congenital Heart Disease (RA Krasuski and G Fleming, Section Editors)

New options for managing pulmonary embolisms

Employing echocardiography during surgery

Routine Functional Testing or Standard Care in High-Risk Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

  • Ischemic Heart Disease (D Mukherjee, Section Editor)

Next-generation MRI contrast agents: preparing the field (Link opens in a new window)

New MRI contrast agents are reshaping diagnostic imaging, promising lower gadolinium exposure amid evolving practice guidelines. How can you optimise contrast selection, dosing, and patient care in this rapidly advancing field?

This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.

Independent Medical Education Grant:
  • Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Learn more Link opens in a new window
Image Credits
Abstract graphic of layered, concentric circular shapes in bright green, pink, blue, and purple on a dark blue background. The rings and segments form a complex radial pattern without text/© Springer Health+ IME