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Trend in incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in Northern Tanzania: analysis from a population based cancer registry data 2015–2021

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BMC Cancer

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Research

Trend in incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in Northern Tanzania: analysis from a population based cancer registry data 2015–2021

Authors: Bartholomeo Nicholaus Ngowi, Alex Mremi, Orgeness Jasper Mbwambo, Furaha Seventh, Salum Hassanally Kalonge, Charles Nkya, Thadeus Jere Mshana, Idd Joseph Kennedy, Modesta P. Mitao, Mramba Nyindo, Blandina Theophil Mmbaga, Kien Alfred Mteta

Published in: BMC Cancer | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Background

Globally, prostate cancer is a common disease among men. However, limited epidemiological data exists regarding prostate cancer in Tanzania. Consequently, there is insufficient evidence to convince policymakers of the need to combat this health issue. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, trends and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in northern Tanzania.

Methods

This cross-sectional study with chart review utilised data from the Kilimanjaro cancer registry, identifying all adult men diagnosed with cancer from January 2015- December 2021. The study recorded variables such as subject age, symptoms, Gleason score, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and metastatic statuses at presentation. Risk stratification followed American Society of Medical Oncology criteria, including low, intermediate and high-risk categories. The analysis was conducted using STATA version 17.

Results

Over the study period, 5164 adult men were registered, with prostate cancer accounting for 1619(31.4%) and showing an increase trend in incidence. The mean age at presentation was 73.9(± 10.1) years, and the majority of study subjects were from Kilimanjaro region 1200(74.1%). After applying exclusion criteria, 714 subjects with histologically confirmed diagnoses of prostate cancer remained. Of these, 710(99.4%) were symptomatic at presentation, with lower urinary tract symptoms being the most common symptoms in 548(76.8%). The median PSA at presentation was 109(36.2–263) ng/mL with 349(51.1%) having a PSA of > 100ng/mL. Gleason group grades 4 and 5 accounted for 207(29.5%) and 219(31.2%), respectively. A total of 178(43.6%) subjects had metastatic disease at presentation. The treatment of choice for a large proportion of subject 440(94.6%) was androgen deprivation therapy.

Conclusions

The burden of prostate cancer in northern Tanzania is high and the majority of subjects present with symptoms. A large proportion of subjects have metastatic disease at initial presentation, emphasizing the need for prostate cancer screening.

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Title: Trend in incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in Northern Tanzania: analysis from a population based cancer registry data 2015–2021
Authors: Bartholomeo Nicholaus Ngowi
Alex Mremi
Orgeness Jasper Mbwambo
Furaha Seventh
Salum Hassanally Kalonge
Charles Nkya
Thadeus Jere Mshana
Idd Joseph Kennedy
Modesta P. Mitao
Mramba Nyindo
Blandina Theophil Mmbaga
Kien Alfred Mteta
Publication date: 01-12-2024
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Cancer / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2407
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-024-13194-6

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Trend in incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer in Northern Tanzania: analysis from a population based cancer registry data 2015–2021

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