Skip to main content
Top

Comparison of the procoagulant activity between extracellular vesicles obtained from cellular monolayers and spheroids

Unlock free access to practice-relevant journal articles

Join our community of medical professionals and register now to access a handpicked selection of journal articles from Springer's Medical portfolio. 

Looking for something specific?

Find articles from over 500 clinical journals from Springer with the search function.

About journals on Springer Medicine

The range of medical journals on Springer Medicine is extremely diverse. It includes the current editions and archives of around 500 English-language journals from almost all medical disciplines published by Springer. 

The specialist literature is usually available both online in full text and as a PDF for download. The online view is optimized in such a way that the specialist texts can be read comfortably on all screen sizes, from desktops to tablets to smartphones. We also include features to support your use of the journals for your research, such as bookmark setting.

Whether you’re interested in internal medicine, surgery, general medicine, gynecology, orthopedics, neurology, or pediatrics, there are excellent journals in almost every subject area, such as the BMC Series, Diabetologia, Breast Cancer Research, Current Obesity Reports, CNS Drugs and many others, all of which are an integral part of the everyday life of doctors across Europe. 

The breadth of content from this suite of journals allows the Springer Medicine team to collect and deliver broad-ranging content across the full spectrum of medical knowledge, with a special focus on topics highlighted by these leading journals and their editorial boards and specialist authors. This guarantees a high quality of content and ensures that our readers are offered the most relevant topics in their respective specialist area. 

Our experienced clinical content managers constantly monitor the needs of medical professionals to provide up-to-date reports from international congresses, expert interviews, and a range of digestible content on emerging topics in the field of medicine.

Comparison of the procoagulant activity between extracellular vesicles obtained from cellular monolayers and spheroids

Published in:

Abstract

Tissue factor (TF) is the main activator of blood coagulation and is associated with thrombosis and tumor progression. It can be released into the blood circulation incorporated within cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we investigated the influence of two-dimensional (monolayer) and three-dimensional (spheroid) tumor cell culture methods, and co-culture with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), on the level of EVs release and the associated TF release and activity. The density of EVs and TF released from spheroids and monolayers of Hs578t human breast cancer and CAF were measured by the concentration of the phosphatidylserine and TF-ELISA. For some experiments, cells were activated using a protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP). The concentration and EV’s size were accessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, and a clotting assay was used to evaluate TF pro-coagulant activity. Hs578t monolayers released sevenfold more EVs, and it was associated with an 11-fold higher TF antigen release than the spheroids cultures. Activation of the cells with a PAR2-AP resulted in a significant increase in the release of EVs and TF from the Hs578t monolayers, but no significant increase was observed in the spheroids, only from half Hs578t, half CAF spheroids. Taken together, our results demonstrate that monolayer cell cultures are capable of releasing more significant amounts of EVs and associated TF than spheroid cultures. Monolayers and spheroids have different behavior when we compare the release of EVs and TF. It is essential to consider it when choosing a cell model to study cancer-associated thrombosis.

Graphical Abstract

Generation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and release of tissue factor (TF), the initiator of coagulation. This was studied after growing cells in monolayers or more physiological spheroids. Monolayer culture cells were shown to release more EVs, and more TF, suggesting that EV and TF shedding using monolayer-based research is not representative of human pathologies such as cancer.
Title
Comparison of the procoagulant activity between extracellular vesicles obtained from cellular monolayers and spheroids
Authors
Araci M. R. Rondon
Sophie Featherby
Tainá Gomes
El Houari Laghmani
Camille Ettelaie
Henri H. Versteeg
Publication date
05-03-2025
Publisher
Springer US
Keyword
Thrombosis
Published in
Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis / Issue 3/2025
Print ISSN: 0929-5305
Electronic ISSN: 1573-742X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11239-025-03076-4
This content is only visible if you are logged in and have the appropriate permissions.
Image Credits
Stroke illustration/© Thipphaphone / Generated with AI / stock.adobe.com, Multiple pseudonodular lesions in both lung fields/© 2026, Germán Ramírez-Olivencia et al, Clin J Gastroenterol