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Growing numbers of young people are using e-cigarettes, despite warnings of respiratory effects and addiction. How can doctors tackle the epidemic, and what health effects should you prepare to manage in your clinics?
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Clinical and Translational Medicine
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Open Access 01-12-2017 | Review

The small vesicular culprits: the investigation of extracellular vesicles as new targets for cancer treatment

Authors: Fumihiko Urabe, Nobuyoshi Kosaka, Yusuke Yoshioka, Shin Egawa, Takahiro Ochiya

Published in: Clinical and Translational Medicine | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released from almost all type of cells including cancer cells. EVs transfer their components, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNAs, lipids and proteins, from one cell to another, affecting the target cells. Emerging evidence suggests that reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the cells in their microenvironment via EVs drive disease progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, understanding the roles of EVs in cancer biology will provide us with new opportunities to treat patients. EVs are also useful for monitoring disease processes. EVs have been found in many kinds of biological fluids such as blood, urine, saliva and semen. Because of their accessibility, EVs offer ease of collection with minimal discomfort to patients and are preferred for serial collection. In addition, they reflect and carry dynamic changes in disease, allowing us to access crucial molecular information about the disease status. Therefore, EVs hold great possibility as clinically useful biomarkers to provide multiple non-invasive snapshots of primary and metastatic tumors. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of miRNAs in EVs in cancer biology and as biomarkers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of miRNAs in EVs for clinical application.
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Metadata
Title
The small vesicular culprits: the investigation of extracellular vesicles as new targets for cancer treatment
Authors
Fumihiko Urabe
Nobuyoshi Kosaka
Yusuke Yoshioka
Shin Egawa
Takahiro Ochiya
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Clinical and Translational Medicine / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 2001-1326
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40169-017-0176-z

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