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Current Obesity Reports

The Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy: A Narrative Review

  • Open Access
  • 01-12-2025
  • Review
Published in:
Authors
Amanda K. Crandall
Lucy Loch
Ashley N. Gearhardt
Julie C. Lumeng
Published in
Current Obesity Reports | Issue 1/2025

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

To examine evidence for factors that program and impact regulation of energy intake in infancy.

Recent Findings

Infants regulate energy intake within a narrow margin, and this capacity may degrade with age as volume-based regulation emerges. However, feeding frequency, milk/formula protein content and/or structure, portion size, and caregiver encouragement can interrupt this regulation. Emerging evidence also suggests that some infants exhibit signs of reward-driven eating, which may also affect energy intake.

Summary

Despite emphasis on obesity prevention in infancy, few studies directly examine milk/formula, food, or energy intake and even fewer use experimental methods to assess causation. Existing experimental evidence suggests a limited and diminishing regulation of energy intake through infancy and beyond. More research is needed to understand individual differences between infants in regulation of energy intake and propensity for reward-driven eating.
Title
The Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy: A Narrative Review
Authors
Amanda K. Crandall
Lucy Loch
Ashley N. Gearhardt
Julie C. Lumeng
Publication date
01-12-2025
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Obesity Reports / Issue 1/2025
Electronic ISSN: 2162-4968
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00653-9
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