Integrins as key regulators in tumor perineural invasion: mechanisms and clinical implications

Perineural invasion (PNI) serves as an important prognostic indicator in various solid tumors, closely associated with tumor recurrence and reduced survival rates. At present, the molecular mechanisms of initiating PNI have been extensively studied but still lack targets employed for efficient diagnosis and treatment clinically. The integrins’ family is major cell adhesion receptors linking the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mediating bidirectional signaling involved in tumor development. Recently, emerging evidence has emphasized the crucial role of integrins in PNI. To comprehensively understand its potential regulatory mechanisms and application prospects, this review summarizes the latest research on integrins affecting PNI, covering their molecular characteristics, oncogenic mechanisms, and clinical significance. In addition, we also point out the current challenges and propose innovative strategies to promote the advancement of tumor diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and therapeutic strategies.