Background
The BK virus (BKV) commonly affects stem cell transplant (SCT) patients and can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), a serious condition that negatively impacts patient health. This study reviews the frequency of BKV infections in SCT patients, particularly those who develop HC.
Methods
We searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase up to August 10, 2024, to identify relevant articles focusing on the prevalence of BKV-related hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in stem cell transplant (SCT) patients. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data using Nested Knowledge software. A meta-analysis of pooled prevalence rates was conducted using random-effects models in R software, version 4.4. Study heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic, and study quality was evaluated using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Trim-and-fill funnel plot and Eggers test were used to assess publication bias.
Results
Of the 2700 articles identified, 15 met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 7856 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of BKV-related hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) was 12.8% (95% CI 8.7–18.5%), with rates varying significantly from 5.0 to 45.9%. This variation reflects differences in patient backgrounds, transplant methods, and diagnostic approaches (I2 = 97%). The prevalence of BKV infections without HC was 45.8% (95% CI 14.0–81.4%), also showing wide variation from 0.8 to 94.7% and high heterogeneity (I2 = 99%).
Conclusions
Our study identified a substantial prevalence of BKV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis in stem cell transplant patients, highlighting the importance of vigilant monitoring and effective treatment strategies to manage this risk. Enhancing both diagnostic techniques and treatment approaches is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
