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Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

19-09-2024 | Sleep-Wake Disorders | Review Free for a limited time

Sleep Disturbances in Autoimmune Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Characteristics, Assessment, and Treatment Strategies

Authors: Huanyu Meng, Xiaoyu Chen, Sheng Chen

Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Abstract

Purpose of review

Sleep disturbances are a hallmark feature of various autoimmune neurological diseases (AINDs). However, limited awareness of these sleep manifestations exists among clinicians. We provide a comprehensive overview of assessment methods, characteristic sleep disturbances, the impact of specific antibodies on sleep patterns, and treatment strategies for sleep disturbances in AINDs.

Recent findings

Research advancements in sleep disturbances in autoimmune neurological disease focus primarily on four areas: mechanisms, clinical characteristics, assessment, and treatment. Regarding mechanisms, animal models for AINDs, particularly those involving specific antibodies like anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-IgLON5, have become more comprehensive. Recent advancements in animal models have led to the establishment of numerous models for AINDs; these models include a wide range of antibodies, including anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-IgLON5. Several studies using these models have revealed common mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances in these diseases. In terms of clinical characteristics, the identification of antibodies associated with recently discovered AINDs has expanded the spectrum of sleep disturbance symptoms observed compared to prior findings. A comprehensive evaluation system for the assessment of sleep disturbances has been established, including questionnaires, polysomnography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Additionally, cardiopulmonary coupling shows promise as a novel assessment tool. Currently, no universally effective treatment exists for sleep disturbances in autoimmune neurological diseases, either through symptomatic treatment or immunosuppressive therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of new therapies and validate the benefits of existing treatments.

Summary

Sleep disturbances are a hallmark feature of AINDs. Recent advancements have significantly expanded our understanding of their assessment and treatment. However, further studies are needed to address the remaining uncertainties in sleep disturbance management.

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Title: Sleep Disturbances in Autoimmune Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Characteristics, Assessment, and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Huanyu Meng
Xiaoyu Chen
Sheng Chen
Publication date: 19-09-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Sleep-Wake Disorders
Autoimmune Encephalitis
Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis
Encephalitis
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease
Disease of Central Nervous System
Insomnia Disorders
Hypersomnolence Disorders
Parasomnia Disorders
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
Insomnia Disorders
Hypersomnolence Disorders
Parasomnia Disorders
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
Polysomnography
Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-024-01377-4

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