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Stroke Prevention and Treatment for Youth with Sickle Cell Anemia: Current Practice and Challenges and Promises for the Future

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Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
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Open Access 21-09-2024 | Sickle Cell Anemia | Review

Stroke Prevention and Treatment for Youth with Sickle Cell Anemia: Current Practice and Challenges and Promises for the Future

Authors: Susan Creary, Melissa G. Chung, Anthony D. Villella, Warren D. Lo

Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Issue 11/2024

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive inherited hemoglobinopathy that results in a high risk of stroke. SCA primarily affects an underserved minority population of children who are frequently not receiving effective, multi-disciplinary, preventative care. This article reviews primary and secondary stroke prevention and treatment for children with SCA for the general adult and pediatric neurologist, who may play an important role in providing critical neurologic evaluation and care to these children.

Recent Findings

Primary stroke prevention is efficacious at reducing ischemic stroke risk, but it is not consistently implemented into clinical practice in the United States, resulting in these children remaining at high risk. Acute symptomatic stroke management requires neurology involvement and emergent transfusion to limit ischemia. Furthermore, while chronic transfusion therapy is a proven secondary preventative modality for those with prior symptomatic or silent cerebral infarcts, it carries significant burden. Newer therapies (e.g., stem cell therapies and voxelotor) deserve further study as they may hold promise in reducing stroke risk and treatment burden.

Summary

Effective primary and secondary stroke prevention and treatment remain a challenge. Informing and engaging neurology providers to recognize and provide critical neurologic evaluation and treatment has potential to close care gaps.
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Metadata
Title
Stroke Prevention and Treatment for Youth with Sickle Cell Anemia: Current Practice and Challenges and Promises for the Future
Authors
Susan Creary
Melissa G. Chung
Anthony D. Villella
Warren D. Lo
Publication date
21-09-2024
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Issue 11/2024
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-024-01372-9
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