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International Journal of Clinical Oncology

Prognostic value of creatinine–cystatin C ratio in individuals with cancer: a meta-analysis

Published in:
Authors
Wei Zhou
Xinyu Wang
Tingting Wang
Shujuan Chen
Jinhong Yang
Ying Guo
Published in
International Journal of Clinical Oncology | Issue 4/2026

Abstract

Background

The prognostic value of the creatinine–cystatin C ratio (CCR) in individuals with cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, but the findings vary. To accurately identify the prognostic value of CCR in individuals with cancer, we conducted this meta-analysis.

Methods

Pertinent studies were retrieved across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane from their establishment to June 8, 2024. Additional searches were conducted until November 16, 2024. In this study, the calculation of the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) allowed us to determine the prognostic value of CCR in individuals with cancer. Additionally, Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was employed for quality evaluation, Cochrane I2 statistic for heterogeneity assessment, funnel plots for publication bias evaluation, and Egger test for quantitative identification. Significant publication bias is indicated by a P < 0.05. A software called STATA 15.1 was utilized for statistical analysis.

Results

Initially, 2001 articles were retrieved in total, and this study comprised twelve trials with 4439 individuals with cancer overall. Our findings demonstrated a substantial correlation between a low CCR and a reduced overall survival (OS) in individuals with cancer (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.49–1.96). Similarly, a strong correlation between CCR and progression-free survival (PFS) CCR was also noted (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.29–1.77).

Conclusion

This meta-analysis revealed that in individuals with cancer, a low CCR was strongly correlated with OS and PFS. Therefore, in clinical practice, CCR may be a promising and affordable prognostic biomarker for individuals with cancer.
Title
Prognostic value of creatinine–cystatin C ratio in individuals with cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors
Wei Zhou
Xinyu Wang
Tingting Wang
Shujuan Chen
Jinhong Yang
Ying Guo
Publication date
03-03-2026
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Keyword
Sarcopenia
Published in
International Journal of Clinical Oncology / Issue 4/2026
Print ISSN: 1341-9625
Electronic ISSN: 1437-7772
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-025-02885-0
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