Published in:

Open Access 09-07-2024 | Rheumatologic Emergencies | Review

Emergencies in inflammatory rheumatic diseases

Authors: Dana Auyezkhankyzy, Aigulsum Izekenova, Burhan Fatih Kocyigit

Published in: Rheumatology International | Issue 9/2024

Abstract

Inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs), encompassing a broad spectrum of chronic disorders, typically necessitate prolonged therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, these diseases can sometimes manifest as severe emergencies requiring prompt and extensive medical intervention. Urgent intervention is essential for effectively recognizing and managing these situations, as they have the potential to be life-threatening and can result in severe morbidity and mortality. Emergencies in IRDs can occur with different frequencies and manifestations, including nervous system issues, severe infections, thrombosis-emboli, renal crises, gastrointestinal issues, and cardiovascular events. The fact that these events can occur across different IRDs underscores the necessity for heightened awareness and readiness among healthcare professionals. The pathophysiologic mechanisms that cause rheumatic emergencies are complex and involve multiple factors. These emergencies frequently arise due to the interplay between the inflammatory characteristics of rheumatic diseases and different systemic triggers. Early detection and treatment can have a substantial impact on an individual’s prognosis in cases of severe and life-threatening disorders that require prompt recognition. Rapid decision-making and urgent care are required to effectively address rheumatic emergencies, as well as the implementation of a diagnostic flowchart. This article provides an overview of the emergencies linked to IRDs, classifying and assessing them individually. This article aims to enhance healthcare professionals’ knowledge and awareness of critical situations by examining current recommendations and pathophysiological information. Implementing standardized diagnostic and treatment methods, providing patient education, and conducting continuing research into the underlying mechanisms are essential for enhancing the management of these critical situations and improving patient outcomes.

Available only for authorised users

Fedorchenko Y, Mahmudov K, Abenov Z, Zimba O, Yessirkepov M (2024) Rehabilitation of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and comorbidities: unmet needs. Rheumatol Int 44:583–591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-023-05529-6CrossRefPubMed

San I, Erden A, Gemcioglu E, Kücüksahin O (2020) Evaluation of inflammatory rheumatic diseases from an emergency medicine perspective. Int J Rheum Dis 23:1670–1675. https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.13982CrossRefPubMed

Saleh M, Sjöwall J, Bendtsen M, Sjöwall C (2024) The prevalence of neutropenia and association with infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a Swedish single-center study conducted over 14 years. Rheumatol Int 44:839–849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-024-05566-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zöller B, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K (2012) Risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with autoimmune disorders: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden. Lancet 379:244–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61306-8CrossRefPubMed

Moinzadeh P, Kuhr K, Siegert E et al (2020) Scleroderma Renal Crisis: risk factors for an increasingly rare Organ complication. J Rheumatol 47:241–248. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.180582CrossRefPubMed

Shah M, Shinjo SK, Day J, Gupta L (2023) Cardiovascular manifestations in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Clin Rheumatol 42:2557–2575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-023-06599-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gutiérrez-González LA (2015) Rheumatologic emergencies. Clin Rheumatol 34:2011–2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-015-2994-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang Q, Dai SM (2023) An interaction between the inflammatory condition and the hypercoagulable condition occurs in primary Sjögren syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 42:1107–1112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-022-06498-0CrossRefPubMed

Singh JA, Hossain A, Kotb A, Wells G (2016) Risk of serious infections with immunosuppressive drugs and glucocorticoids for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Med 14:137. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0673-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Blackmore H, Kitas GD (2011) Writing a narrative biomedical review: considerations for authors, peer reviewers, and editors. Rheumatol Int 31:1409–1417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-011-1999-3CrossRefPubMed

11.

Berman S, Bucher J, Koyfman A, Long BJ (2018) Emergent complications of rheumatoid arthritis. J Emerg Med 55:647–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.07.030CrossRefPubMed

12.

Siempis T, Tsakiris C, Anastasia Z, Alexiou GA, Voulgaris S, Argyropoulou MI (2023) Radiological assessment and surgical management of cervical spine involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 43:195–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-022-05239-5CrossRefPubMed

13.

Ahn JK, Hwang JW, Oh JM et al (2011) Risk factors for development and progression of atlantoaxial subluxation in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 31:1363–1368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-010-1437-yCrossRefPubMed

14.

Di Muzio C, Conforti A, Bruno F et al (2023) The assessment of atlantoaxial joint involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, results from an observational real-life study. Sci Rep 13:20146. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46069-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Alp G, Cinakli H, Akar S, Solmaz D (2024) Prevalence of anterior atlantoaxial subluxation and association with established rheumatoid arthritis. Musculoskelet Care 22:e1859. https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1859CrossRef

16.

Lin MS, Huang CW, Tsou HK et al (2023) Advances in surgical treatment for atlantoaxial instability focusing on rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of a series of 67 patients. Int J Rheum Dis 26:1996–2006. https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.14855CrossRefPubMed

17.

Bandyopadhyay D, Banerjee U, Hajra A et al (2021) Trends of Cardiac complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of the United States National Inpatient sample; 2005–2014. Curr Probl Cardiol 46:100455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.100455CrossRefPubMed

18.

Hansildaar R, Vedder D, Baniaamam M, Tausche AK, Gerritsen M, Nurmohamed MT (2021) Cardiovascular risk in inflammatory arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Lancet Rheumatol 3:e58–e70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30221-6CrossRefPubMed

19.

Holland-Fischer M, Thomsen RW, Tarp U, Nørgaard M (2020) Prognosis of pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the role of medication and disease activity prior to admission a population-based cohort study. RMD Open 6:e001102. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001102CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Ideguchi S, Yamamoto K, Tahara M et al (2021) Infectious pneumonia and Lower Airway Microorganisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Med 10:3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163552CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

21.

Karie S, Gandjbakhch F, Janus N et al (2008) Kidney disease in RA patients: prevalence and implication on RA-related drugs management: the MATRIX study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47:350–354. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kem370CrossRefPubMed

22.

Matteson EL, Yachyshyn V, Yachyshyn J, O’Fallon WM (1995) Trends in hospitalizations for gastrointestinal bleeding among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950–1991. J Rheumatol 22:1471–1477PubMed

23.

Owlia MB, Newman K, Akhtari M (2014) Felty’s syndrome, insights and updates. Open Rheumatol J 8:129–136. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874312901408010129CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Wegscheider C, Ferincz V, Schöls K, Maieron A (2023) Felty’s syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 10:1238405. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1238405CrossRefPubMed

25.

Rogers JL, Clowse MEB, Pisetsky DS et al (2024) Evaluation of type 2 SLE symptoms in patients with a range of lupus nephritis activity. Clin Rheumatol 43:1319–1326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-024-06909-4CrossRefPubMed

26.

Anders HJ, Saxena R, Zhao MH, Parodis I, Salmon JE, Mohan C (2020) Lupus nephritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 6:7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0141-9CrossRefPubMed

27.

Chen S, Chen H, Liu Z, Zhang H, Hu W, Tang Z, Liu Z (2015) Pathological spectrums and renal prognosis of severe lupus patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Rheumatol Int 35:709–717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-014-3140-xCrossRefPubMed

28.

Jennette JC (2003) Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 63:1164–1177. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00843.xCrossRefPubMed

29.

Zardi EM, Giorgi C, Zardi DM (2018) Diagnostic approach to neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus: what should we do? Postgrad Med 130:536–547. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2018.1492309CrossRefPubMed

30.

Jeltsch-David H, Muller S (2014) Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and biomarkers. Nat Rev Neurol 10:579–596. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2014.148CrossRefPubMed

31.

Carrión-Barberà I, Salman-Monte TC, Vílchez-Oya F, Monfort J (2021) Neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review. Autoimmun Rev 20:102780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102780CrossRefPubMed

32.

Al-Adhoubi NK, Bystrom J (2020) Systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, etiology and novel treatment strategies. Lupus 29:355–363. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203320903798CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Ponce A, Rodríguez-Pintó I, Basauli JM et al (2022) The clinical significance of low complement levels in patients with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: a descriptive analysis of 73 patients from the Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome registry. Lupus 31:1218–1225. https://doi.org/10.1177/09612033221107583CrossRefPubMed

34.

Siniscalchi C, Basaglia M, Riva M et al (2023) Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: a review. Immuno 4:1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno4010001CrossRef

35.

Rosenbaum E, Krebs E, Cohen M, Tiliakos A, Derk CT (2009) The spectrum of clinical manifestations, outcome and treatment of pericardial tamponade in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study and literature review. Lupus 18:608–612. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203308100659CrossRefPubMed

36.

Maharaj SS, Chang SM (2015) Cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 13:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-015-0005-0CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Lerkvaleekul B, Vilaiyuk S (2018) Macrophage activation syndrome: early diagnosis is key. Open Access Rheumatol 10:117–128. https://doi.org/10.2147/OARRR.S151013CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Rigante D, Emmi G, Fastiggi M, Silvestri E, Cantarini L (2015) Macrophage activation syndrome in the course of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders. Clin Rheumatol 34:1333–1339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-015-2923-0CrossRefPubMed

39.

Alunno A, Carubbi F, Bartoloni E, Cipriani P, Giacomelli R, Gerli R (2019) The kaleidoscope of neurological manifestations in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 37 Suppl 118:192–198

40.

Harboe E, Tjensvoll AB, Maroni S et al (2009) Neuropsychiatric syndromes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren syndrome: a comparative population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis 68:1541–1546. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.098301CrossRefPubMed

41.

Mekinian A, Tennenbaum J, Lahuna C et al (2020) Primary Sjögren’s syndrome: central and peripheral nervous system involvements. Clin Exp Rheumatol 38(Suppl 126):103–109PubMed

42.

Ye W, Chen S, Huang X et al (2018) Clinical features and risk factors of neurological involvement in Sjögren’s syndrome. BMC Neurosci 19:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-018-0427-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Zhang Y, Qiao L, Zhang L et al (2023) Renal tubular acidosis and associated factors in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a registry-based study. Clin Rheumatol 42:431–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-022-06426-2CrossRefPubMed

44.

Argyropoulou OD, Tzioufas AG (2020) Common and rare forms of vasculitis associated with Sjögren’s syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 32:21–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0000000000000668CrossRefPubMed

45.

Sambataro G, Ferro F, Orlandi M et al (2020) Clinical, morphological features and prognostic factors associated with interstitial lung disease in primary Sjӧgren’s syndrome: a systematic review from the Italian Society of Rheumatology. Autoimmun Rev 19:102447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102447CrossRefPubMed

46.

Li H, Jin Y, He J (2024) Respiratory infection risk in primary Sjögren’s syndrome complicated with interstitial lung disease: a retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol 43:1777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-024-06923-6CrossRefPubMed

47.

Ansari N, Salesi M (2024) The association between primary Sjogren’s syndrome and non-hodgkin’s lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clin Rheumatol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-024-06993-6CrossRefPubMed

48.

Tu PH, Liu ZH, Yeap MC et al (2022) Spinal cord injury and spinal fracture in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. BMC Emerg Med 22:73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-022-00635-3CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

49.

Donnelly S, Doyle DV, Denton A, Rolfe I, McCloskey EV, Spector TD (1994) Bone mineral density and vertebral compression fracture rates in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 53:117–121. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.53.2.117CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

50.

Geusens P, De Winter L, Quaden D et al (2015) The prevalence of vertebral fractures in spondyloarthritis: relation to disease characteristics, bone mineral density, syndesmophytes and history of back pain and trauma. Arthritis Res Ther 17:294. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-015-0809-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

51.

Schiefer TK, Milligan BD, Bracken CD et al (2015) In-hospital neurologic deterioration following fractures of the ankylosed spine: a single-institution experience. World Neurosurg 83:775–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.12.041CrossRefPubMed

52.

Joaquim AF, de Oliveira SA, Appenzeller S, Patel AA (2023) Spine surgery and Ankylosing spondylitis: optimizing Perioperative Management. Clin Spine Surg 36:8–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000001306CrossRefPubMed

53.

Kiltz U, Baraliakos X, Regel A, Bühring B, Braun J (2017) Causes of pain in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 35(Suppl 107):102–107PubMed

54.

Tang C, Moser FG, Reveille J, Bruckel J, Weisman MH (2019) Cauda Equina Syndrome in Ankylosing spondylitis: challenges in diagnosis, management, and Pathogenesis. J Rheumatol 46:1582–1588. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.181259CrossRefPubMed

55.

Woodfield J, Hoeritzauer I, Jamjoom AAB et al (2022) Presentation, management, and outcomes of cauda equina syndrome up to one year after surgery, using clinician and participant reporting: a multi-centre prospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 24:100545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100545CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

56.

Iliopoulos G, Daoussis D (2021) Renal dysfunction in systemic sclerosis beyond scleroderma renal crisis. Rheumatol Int 41:1203–1208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04855-xCrossRefPubMed

57.

Cole A, Ong VH, Denton CP (2023) Renal disease and systemic sclerosis: an update on Scleroderma Renal Crisis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 64:378–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-022-08945-xCrossRefPubMed

58.

Bütikofer L, Varisco PA, Distler O et al (2020) ACE inhibitors in SSc patients display a risk factor for scleroderma renal crisis-a EUSTAR analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 22:59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-020-2141-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

59.

Bruni C, Guignabert C, Manetti M, Cerinic MM, Humbert M (2021) The multifaceted problem of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Lancet Rheumatol 3:e149–e159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30356-8CrossRefPubMed

60.

Price LC, Dimopoulos K, Marino P et al (2017) The CRASH report: emergency management dilemmas facing acute physicians in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorax 72:1035–1045. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209725CrossRefPubMed

61.

Jiang Y, Turk MA, Pope JE (2020) Factors associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Autoimmun Rev 19:102602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102602CrossRefPubMed

62.

Luppi F, Sebastiani M, Salvarani C, Bendstrup E, Manfredi A (2022) Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 18:85–96. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-021-00721-zCrossRefPubMed

63.

Jang HJ, Woo A, Kim SY et al (2023) Characteristics and risk factors of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Ann Med 55:663–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2023.2179659CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

64.

Perelas A, Silver RM, Arrossi AV, Highland KB (2020) Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Lancet Respir Med 8:304–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30480-1CrossRefPubMed

65.

Wekell P, Wester T (2022) Familial Mediterranean fever may mimic acute appendicitis in children. Pediatr Surg Int 38:1099–1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00383-022-05153-8CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

66.

Kisacik B, Karabicak I, Erol MF et al (2013) Is familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) common in patients with negative appendectomy? Mod Rheumatol 23:330–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10165-012-0688-8CrossRefPubMed

67.

Erken E, Erken E (2018) Cardiac disease in familial Mediterranean fever. Rheumatol Int 38:51–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-017-3853-8CrossRefPubMed

68.

Varan O, Kucuk H, Babaoglu H et al (2019) Chronic inflammation in adult familial Mediterranean fever patients: underlying causes and association with amyloidosis. Scand J Rheumatol 48:315–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/03009742.2018.1558282CrossRefPubMed

69.

Alghamdi M (2017) Familial Mediterranean fever, review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 36:1707–1713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-017-3715-5CrossRefPubMed

70.

Al-Araji A, Kidd DP (2009) Neuro-Behçet’s disease: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management. Lancet Neurol 8:192–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70015-8CrossRefPubMed

71.

Dinler M, Yaşar Bilge NŞ, Arslan AE, Yıldırım R, Kaşifoğlu T (2024) Neurologic manifestations of Behçet disease: rheumatology experience. Z Rheumatol 83:200–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-023-01436-0CrossRefPubMed

72.

Peño IC (2012) las Heras Revilla V, Carbonell BP Neurobehçet disease: clinical and demographic characteristics. Eur J Neurol 19:1224–1227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03706.x

73.

Emmi G, Bettiol A, Silvestri E, Di Scala G, Becatti M, Fiorillo C, Prisco D (2019) Vascular Behçet’s syndrome: an update. Intern Emerg Med 14:645–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-018-1991-yCrossRefPubMed

74.

Bettiol A, Alibaz-Oner F, Direskeneli H et al (2023) Vascular Behçet syndrome: from pathogenesis to treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol 19:111–126. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-022-00880-7CrossRefPubMed

75.

Seyahi E (2016) Behçet’s disease: how to diagnose and treat vascular involvement. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 30:279–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2016.08.002CrossRefPubMed

76.

Hatemi I, Hatemi G, Çelik AF (2018) Gastrointestinal involvement in Behçet Disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 44:45–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2017.09.007CrossRefPubMed

77.

Vaiopoulos AG, Sfikakis PP, Kanakis MA, Vaiopoulos G, Kaklamanis PG (2014) Gastrointestinal manifestations of Behçet’s disease: advances in evaluation and management. Clin Exp Rheumatol 32:S140–148PubMed

78.

Chong WH, Saha B, Jones DM, Beegle S (2021) Respiratory failure secondary to diaphragmatic paralysis from Acute Exacerbation of Dermatomyositis. Am J Med Sci 361:659–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.06.029CrossRefPubMed

79.

Wang H, Lv J, He J, Wu W, Zhong Y, Cao S, Cai Y, Wang Q (2023) The prevalence and effects of treatments of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease of dermatomyositis/polymyositis adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev 22:103335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103335CrossRefPubMed

80.

Labeit B, Pawlitzki M, Ruck T et al (2020) The impact of Dysphagia in Myositis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Med 9:2150. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072150CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

81.

Vojinovic T, Cavazzana I, Ceruti P et al (2021) Predictive features and clinical presentation of interstitial lung disease in inflammatory myositis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 60:87–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-020-08814-5CrossRefPubMed

82.

Matas-Garcia A, Milisenda JC, Espinosa G et al (2022) Gastrointestinal involvement in Dermatomyositis. Diagnostics (Basel) 12:1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051200CrossRefPubMed

83.

Hakroush S, Korsten P, Ströbel P, Tampe B (2024) Relevance of histopathological findings for predictive scoring of short-term treatment response to plasma exchange in severe ANCA-associated renal vasculitides. Front Immunol 15:1340999. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340999CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

84.

Villacorta J, Diaz-Crespo F, Acevedo M et al (2017) Renal vasculitis presenting with acute kidney injury. Rheumatol Int 37:1035–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-017-3697-2CrossRefPubMed

85.

Nasser M, Cottin V (2018) Alveolar hemorrhage in Vasculitis (primary and secondary). Semin Respir Crit Care Med 39:482–493. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1668533CrossRefPubMed

86.

Vera-Lastra O, Sepúlveda-Delgado J, Cruz-Domínguez Mdel P et al (2015) Primary and secondary central nervous system vasculitis: clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, neuroimaging, and treatment analysis. Clin Rheumatol 34:729–738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2831-8CrossRefPubMed

87.

Zhang S, Yuan D, Tan G (2019) Neurological involvement in primary systemic vasculitis. Front Neurol 10:430. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00430CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

88.

Gendreau S, Porcher R, Thoreau B et al (2021) Characteristics and risk factors for poor outcome in patients with systemic vasculitis involving the gastrointestinal tract. Semin Arthritis Rheum 51:436–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.03.002CrossRefPubMed

89.

Soowamber M, Weizman AV, Pagnoux C (2017) Gastrointestinal aspects of vasculitides. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:185–194. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2016.179CrossRefPubMed

Title: Emergencies in inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Dana Auyezkhankyzy
Aigulsum Izekenova
Burhan Fatih Kocyigit
Publication date: 09-07-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Rheumatologic Emergencies
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Vasculitis
Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Systemic Sclerosis
Spondyloarthropathy
Familial Mediterranean Fever
Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis
Emergency Medicine
Intensive Care
Vasculitis
Published in: Rheumatology International / Issue 9/2024
Print ISSN: 0172-8172
Electronic ISSN: 1437-160X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-024-05660-y

Neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus contributes to organ damage beyond the nervous system: a post-hoc analysis of 5 phase III randomized clinical trials

Open Access
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Clinical Trials

Emergency department utilization by persons with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study

Open Access
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Cohort Studies

Malignancy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to disease characteristics in 92 patients – a single center retrospective study

Open Access
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Comorbidities

Were camptodactyly and boutonniere deformity considered pathological in late fifteenth century Italy? Evidence from the sculptures of Francesco di Simone Ferrucci (1437–1493)

Open Access
Observational Research

Successful management of interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis complicated by malignancy: a case-based review

Dermatomyositis
Case Based Review

Complex rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis
Cases with a Message

Keynote series | Spotlight on managing health in obesity

Obesity
Video Series

Obesity is a major contributor to cardiorenal metabolic disease, but its impact extends throughout the body. Understand how obesity can affect other organ systems and impact treatment, and whether weight-loss measures improve outcomes.

Prof. Eva L. Feldman

Prof. Jonette Keri

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Watch now

Women’s health knowledge hub

Menopause
Clinical Collection

Elevate your patient care with our comprehensive, evidence-based medical education on women's health. Designed to help you provide exceptional care for your female patients at every stage of life, we provide expert insights into topics such as reproductive health, menopause, breast cancer and sex-specific health risks and precision medicine.

Live
Webinar | 27-05-2025 | 18:00 (CEST)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a severe autoimmune disease that can cause damage to almost every system of the body. Join this session to learn more about novel biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring and familiarise yourself with current and emerging targeted therapies.

Join us live: Tuesday 27th May, 18:00-19:15 (CEST)

Prof. Edward Vital

Prof. Ronald F. van Vollenhoven

Developed by: Springer Medicine

Navigating neuroimaging in Alzheimer disease care

Springer Medicine

Emergencies in inflammatory rheumatic diseases

Abstract

Other articles of this Issue 9/2024

Neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus contributes to organ damage beyond the nervous system: a post-hoc analysis of 5 phase III randomized clinical trials

Emergency department utilization by persons with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study

Malignancy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to disease characteristics in 92 patients – a single center retrospective study

Were camptodactyly and boutonniere deformity considered pathological in late fifteenth century Italy? Evidence from the sculptures of Francesco di Simone Ferrucci (1437–1493)

Successful management of interstitial lung disease in dermatomyositis complicated by malignancy: a case-based review

Complex rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Keynote series | Spotlight on managing health in obesity

Women’s health knowledge hub

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on advances in lupus

Navigating neuroimaging in Alzheimer disease care

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content