Respiratory Medicine

In this unusual case, OCT revealed multiple mural thrombi in a PAVF as the source of embolic strokes and continuing ischemic attacks, indicating a potential emboligenic mechanism in PAVF.

Elbow tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of TB, with symptoms often mimicking diseases such as rheumatoid or septic arthritis. Surgical intervention can greatly benefit diagnosis, but is not always necessary for successful treatment.

Mycobacterium TB can infect any ophthalmic tissue. Most common ocular presentations are granulomatous anterior uveitis and posterior uveitis, but this case shows rare bilateral corneoscleral perforation.

The JAK inhibitor tofacitinib proved effective in treating a 7-year-old with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive juvenile dermatomyositis complicated by refractory interstitial lung disease.

A woman who underwent mastectomy and chemotherapy for breast cancer subsequently developed chest pain and dyspnea. Would you have considered pleural mesothelioma as the cause?

Primary pulmonary DLBCL is a rare clinical condition with nonspecific clinical manifestations, posing significant challenges for diagnosis. This patient was initially misdiagnosed as having organizing pneumonia.

Thyroid storm had a fatal outcome in a woman with Graves disease who had not used her medications during pregnancy or since giving birth, highlighting the importance of medication adherence during the postpartum period.

Following treatment with the bispecific T-cell engager epcoritamab, a patient with relapsed DLBCL developed pleural effusion, which proved fatal despite aggressive management. Regular monitoring is crucial to identify and manage severe inflammatory reactions.

A man with a skin rash and left leg weakness was diagnosed with sarcoid-like reaction due to treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and ultimately also amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when the motor symptoms progressed.

Pneumonitis related to ICI therapy typically occurs within the first few months of treatment, but this lung cancer patient experienced the adverse event 2.5 months after discontinuing pembrolizumab, underscoring the need for long-term vigilance.

This case highlights that tracheal stenosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in children presenting with the signs and symptoms of respiratory distress, particularly if the patient has a history of intubation.

Surgical resolution of a long tortuous patent ductus arteriosus from the undersurface of the aorta, in a newborn term infant diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia.

A 3-year-old with respiratory problems since birth was found to have multiple congenital anomalies affecting the airway including a posterior laryngeal cleft, a tracheal bronchus, and a very narrow distal trachea.

The typical clinical manifestations of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia are high fever, headache, myalgia, cough, and dyspnea. But this patient presented with sudden hearing loss. Would you have considered pneumonia?

Fatal outcomes in three cases, despite aggressive treatment, emphasize the poor prognosis of fulminant myocarditis related to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

A case of rib fracture and pneumothorax in an adult patient with pertussis highlights the potential for significant musculoskeletal and pulmonary injuries due to the intense coughing associated with the infection. 

A rare case of parathyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid tuberculosis in a woman with a history of hypothyroidism who developed a swelling on her neck and bone pain.

The first report of pneumonia caused by the opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus salivarius. The case was further complicated by the development of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

Typical symptoms of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia include dyspnea, cough, and low-grade fever. But this patient, an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient, presented with hypercalcemia and kidney injury.

During a knee joint MRI test, a 5-year-old boy had a severe anaphylactic reaction 10 min after injection of the contrast medium. Such severe reactions are rare, but can be life-threatening.