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Pediatrics Pediatric Infectious Disease

Pediatric Infectious Disease

Pertussis in children: expert consensus

Despite high vaccination rates in children, whooping cough has resurged in many developed countries. How can we better prevent, diagnose, and manage the disease?

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Editor's Choice

Managing neonates at risk of early onset sepsis

Neonatal exposure to antibiotics is disproportionally high compared with the incidence of early onset sepsis, with implications for future health and antimicrobial resistance. This guideline outlines a probability-based approach to managing at-risk neonates.

Tympanostomy tube insertion with adenoidectomy beneficial in children

US data support simultaneous adenoidectomy in children aged 4 years and older undergoing tympanostomy tube insertion, but benefits are reduced for younger children.

Gut microbiome: importance of the perinatal period

The neonatal microbiome plays a vital role in shaping the immune system, metabolism, and neurodevelopment of infants. What factors influence microbial colonization, and how could interventions optimize microbiome development?

Stevens–Johnson syndrome due to COVID-19 infection in a teenager

Stevens–Johnson syndrome is a life-threatening condition characterized by high fever and severe mucocutaneous lesions. Cases increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but mostly in adults. What do we know about pediatric cases?

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Case Studies

Stevens–Johnson syndrome due to COVID-19 infection in a teenager

Stevens–Johnson syndrome is a life-threatening condition characterized by high fever and severe mucocutaneous lesions. Cases increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but mostly in adults. What do we know about pediatric cases?

Vitamin D-dependent rickets complicated with RSV infection

Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 A causes failure to thrive, hypotonia, and increased fracture risk, and may complicate the clinical course of lower respiratory tract infections. How would you address the therapeutic challenges in this toddler?

Miliary meningeal TB: an unusual neuroimaging diagnosis

Tuberculous meningitis is difficult to diagnose due to varying presentations. In these pediatric cases, miliary meningeal nodules seen on brain MRIs were the first sign.

Current Reviews

Pathogenic characterization and drug resistance of neonatal sepsis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neonatal sepsis (NS) refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the neonatal period in which pathogenic bacteria are cultured from sterile cavities, such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid, in which bacteria are the main pathogens of NS [ …

Autopsy-related histomorphological findings in neonatal sepsis: a narrative review

Neonatal sepsis is an important concern in the field of neonatology, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality among newborns worldwide. Despite progress in medical care, the accurate diagnosis and comprehension of the pathological …

Epidemic risks of measles and rubella in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Measles and rubella are vaccine-preventable diseases that represent a significant childhood disease burden worldwide, thus making them target diseases for global elimination efforts [ 1 , 2 ]. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) released …

Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria among neonates suspected for sepsis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sepsis is a serious inflammatory condition marked by fever and shock, which occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream [ 1 ]. Neonatal septicemia continues to be a significant concern for newborn patients in neonatal intensive care units globally [ …2

Further Reading

Predictors and outcomes of premature rupture of membranes among pregnant women admitted to a teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia: a cohort study

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a critical obstetric condition affecting approximately 5–10% of all pregnancies, with significant implications for maternal and neonatal health [ 1 – 3 ]. Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) …

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborns suspected of congenital rubella syndrome in Iran: a cross-sectional study

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a host-restricted member in the β herpesvirinae subfamily of the Herpesviridae family [ 1 ]. Like other herpes viruses after primary infection, the virus remains latent. The rate of seroprevalence in adults is around …

Associations between maternal bacteremia during the peripartum period and early-onset neonatal sepsis: a retrospective cohort study

Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can cause morbidity and mortality in neonates [ 1 – 5 ]. The incidence of EONS ranges from 1 to 5 cases per 1,000 live births, with the most common …

Impact of neonatal sepsis on neurocognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity among neonates [ 1 – 4 ]. Young infants especially neonates, defined by age < 28 days old, have a relatively immature immune system and are susceptible to sepsis [ 5 , 6 ]. Annually, there are an …