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Molecular Cancer
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Open Access 01-12-2024 | Review

PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer: research insights and sensitization strategies

Authors: Menglei Jin, Jun Fang, Junwen Peng, Xintian Wang, Ping Xing, Kunpeng Jia, Jianming Hu, Danting Wang, Yuxin Ding, Xinyu Wang, Wenlu Li, Zhigang Chen

Published in: Molecular Cancer | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-L1 immune checkpoints has reshaped treatment paradigms across several cancers, including breast cancer. Combining PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with chemotherapy has shown promising efficacy in both early and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, although only a subset of patients experiences durable responses. Identifying responders and optimizing immune drug selection are therefore critical. The effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy depends on both tumor-intrinsic factors and the extrinsic cell-cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review systematically summarizes the key findings from clinical trials of ICBs in breast cancer and examines the mechanisms underlying PD-L1 expression regulation. We also highlight recent advances in identifying potential biomarkers for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and emerging evidence of TME alterations following treatment. Among these, the quantity, immunophenotype, and spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes stand out as promising biomarkers. Additionally, we explore strategies to enhance the effectiveness of ICBs in breast cancer, aiming to support the development of personalized treatment approaches tailored to the unique characteristics of each patient’s tumor.
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Metadata
Title
PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer: research insights and sensitization strategies
Authors
Menglei Jin
Jun Fang
Junwen Peng
Xintian Wang
Ping Xing
Kunpeng Jia
Jianming Hu
Danting Wang
Yuxin Ding
Xinyu Wang
Wenlu Li
Zhigang Chen
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Molecular Cancer / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1476-4598
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02176-8

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