Skip to main content
Top
Published in:

Open Access 03-01-2024 | Oral Contraception | Research Article

Potential factors contributing to observed sex differences in virtual-reality-induced sickness

Authors: Grainne M. Bannigan, Alexandra A. de Sousa, Meike Scheller, Daniel J. Finnegan, Michael J. Proulx

Published in: Experimental Brain Research | Issue 2/2024

Login to get access

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely adopted for several professional and recreational applications. Despite rapid innovation in hardware and software, one of the long prevailing issues for end users of VR is the experience of VR sickness. Females experience stronger VR sickness compared to males, and previous research has linked susceptibility to VR sickness to the menstrual cycle (Munafo et al., Exp Brain Res 235(3):889–901). Here we investigated the female versus male experience in VR sickness while playing an immersive VR game, comparing days of the menstrual cycle when hormones peak: day 15 (ovulation—peak estrogen) and day 22 (mid-luteal phase—peak progesterone). We found that immersion duration was greater in the second session than the first, and discomfort was lessened, suggesting a powerful adaptation with repeated exposure. Due to the estrogen levels changing along with the exposure, there was no clear independent impact of that; note, though, that there was a significant difference between self-report and physiological measures implying that GSR is potentially an unreliable measure of motion sickness. Although prior work found a delay over 2 days between session would not allow adaptation and habituation to reduce VR sickness susceptibility, we found that a week delay has potential success.
Literature
go back to reference Aggarwal R, Grantcharov TP, Eriksen JR, Blirup D, Kristiansen VB, Funch-Jensen P, Darzi A (2006) An evidence-based virtual reality training program for novice laparoscopic surgeons. Ann Surg 244(2):310PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Aggarwal R, Grantcharov TP, Eriksen JR, Blirup D, Kristiansen VB, Funch-Jensen P, Darzi A (2006) An evidence-based virtual reality training program for novice laparoscopic surgeons. Ann Surg 244(2):310PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Allen AM, McRae-Clark AL, Carlson S, Saladin ME, Gray KM, Wetherington CL, Allen SS (2016) Determining menstrual phase in human biobehavioral research: a review with recommendations. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 24(1):1PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Allen AM, McRae-Clark AL, Carlson S, Saladin ME, Gray KM, Wetherington CL, Allen SS (2016) Determining menstrual phase in human biobehavioral research: a review with recommendations. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 24(1):1PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Al Zayer M, Adhanom IB, MacNeilage P, Folmer E (2019) The effect of field-of-view restriction on sex bias in VR sickness and Spatial Navigation Performance. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (p. 354). ACM Al Zayer M, Adhanom IB, MacNeilage P, Folmer E (2019) The effect of field-of-view restriction on sex bias in VR sickness and Spatial Navigation Performance. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (p. 354). ACM
go back to reference Amoako-Tuffour, Y., Jones, M. L., Shalabi, N., Labbé, A., Vengallatore, S., & Prakash, S. (2014). Ingestible gastrointestinal sampling devices: state-of-the-art and future directions. Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering, 42(1). Amoako-Tuffour, Y., Jones, M. L., Shalabi, N., Labbé, A., Vengallatore, S., & Prakash, S. (2014). Ingestible gastrointestinal sampling devices: state-of-the-art and future directions. Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering, 42(1).
go back to reference Balk SA, Bertola MA, Inman VW (2013) Simulator sickness questionnaire: twenty years later. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Vol. 9, p. 257–263 Balk SA, Bertola MA, Inman VW (2013) Simulator sickness questionnaire: twenty years later. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Vol. 9, p. 257–263
go back to reference Barathi SC, Proulx M, O'Neill E, Lutteroth C (2020) Affect recognition using psychophysiological correlates in high intensity VR exergaming. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–15). https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376596 Barathi SC, Proulx M, O'Neill E, Lutteroth C (2020) Affect recognition using psychophysiological correlates in high intensity VR exergaming. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–15). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1145/​3313831.​3376596
go back to reference Bernardi M, Lazzeri L, Perelli F, Reis FM, Petraglia F (2017) Dysmenorrhea and related disorders. F1000Research, 6:334 Bernardi M, Lazzeri L, Perelli F, Reis FM, Petraglia F (2017) Dysmenorrhea and related disorders. F1000Research, 6:334
go back to reference Biocca F (1992) Will simulation sickness slow down the diffusion of virtual environment technology? Presence Teleoper Virtual Environ 1(3):334–343CrossRef Biocca F (1992) Will simulation sickness slow down the diffusion of virtual environment technology? Presence Teleoper Virtual Environ 1(3):334–343CrossRef
go back to reference Brandes JL (2006) The influence of estrogen on migraine: a systematic review. JAMA 295(15):1824–1830PubMedCrossRef Brandes JL (2006) The influence of estrogen on migraine: a systematic review. JAMA 295(15):1824–1830PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brown H, Proulx MJ, Stanton Fraser D (2020) Hunger bias or gut instinct? Responses to judgments of harm depending on visceral state versus intuitive decision-making. Front Psychol 11:2261PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Brown H, Proulx MJ, Stanton Fraser D (2020) Hunger bias or gut instinct? Responses to judgments of harm depending on visceral state versus intuitive decision-making. Front Psychol 11:2261PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Calvert SL (2002) The social impact of virtual environment technology. In: Handbook of Virtual Environments (pp. 703–720). CRC Press. Calvert SL (2002) The social impact of virtual environment technology. In: Handbook of Virtual Environments (pp. 703–720). CRC Press.
go back to reference Chen W, Chao JG, Chen XW, Wang JK, Tan C (2015) Quantitative orientation preference and susceptibility to space motion sickness simulated in a virtual reality environment. Brain Res Bull 113:17–26PubMedCrossRef Chen W, Chao JG, Chen XW, Wang JK, Tan C (2015) Quantitative orientation preference and susceptibility to space motion sickness simulated in a virtual reality environment. Brain Res Bull 113:17–26PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cheung B, Heskin R, Hofer K, Gagnon M (2001) The menstrual cycle and susceptibility to coriolis-induced sickness. J Vestib Res 11(2):129–136PubMedCrossRef Cheung B, Heskin R, Hofer K, Gagnon M (2001) The menstrual cycle and susceptibility to coriolis-induced sickness. J Vestib Res 11(2):129–136PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Clemes SA, Howarth PA (2005) The menstrual cycle and susceptibility to virtual simulation sickness. J Biol Rhythms 20(1):71–82PubMedCrossRef Clemes SA, Howarth PA (2005) The menstrual cycle and susceptibility to virtual simulation sickness. J Biol Rhythms 20(1):71–82PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cobb SV, Nichols S, Ramsey A, Wilson JR (1999) Virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). Virtual Real 8(2):169 Cobb SV, Nichols S, Ramsey A, Wilson JR (1999) Virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). Virtual Real 8(2):169
go back to reference Creinin MD, Keverline S, Meyn LA (2004) How regular is regular? An analysis of menstrual cycle regularity. Contraception 70(4):289–292PubMedCrossRef Creinin MD, Keverline S, Meyn LA (2004) How regular is regular? An analysis of menstrual cycle regularity. Contraception 70(4):289–292PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dobie T, McBride D, Dobie JT, May J (2001) The effects of age and sex on susceptibility to motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 72(1):13–20PubMed Dobie T, McBride D, Dobie JT, May J (2001) The effects of age and sex on susceptibility to motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 72(1):13–20PubMed
go back to reference Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175–191PubMedCrossRef Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175–191PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fernandes AS, Feiner SK (2016) Combating VR sickness through subtle dynamic field-of-view modification. In: 2016 IEEE symposium on 3D user interfaces (3DUI) (pp. 201–210). IEEE Fernandes AS, Feiner SK (2016) Combating VR sickness through subtle dynamic field-of-view modification. In: 2016 IEEE symposium on 3D user interfaces (3DUI) (pp. 201–210). IEEE
go back to reference Flanagan MB, May JG, Dobie TG (2005) Sex differences in tolerance to visually-induced motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 76(7):642–646PubMed Flanagan MB, May JG, Dobie TG (2005) Sex differences in tolerance to visually-induced motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 76(7):642–646PubMed
go back to reference Frye CA (2006) An overview of oral contraceptives: mechanism of action and clinical use. Neurology 66(66 suppl 3):S29–S36PubMed Frye CA (2006) An overview of oral contraceptives: mechanism of action and clinical use. Neurology 66(66 suppl 3):S29–S36PubMed
go back to reference Golding JF (2016) Motion sickness. In: Handbook of clinical neurology (Vol. 137, pp. 371–390). Elsevier. Golding JF (2016) Motion sickness. In: Handbook of clinical neurology (Vol. 137, pp. 371–390). Elsevier.
go back to reference Golding JF, Gresty MA (2015) Pathophysiology and treatment of motion sickness. Curr Opin Neurol 28(1):83–88PubMedCrossRef Golding JF, Gresty MA (2015) Pathophysiology and treatment of motion sickness. Curr Opin Neurol 28(1):83–88PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Golding JF, Kadzere P, Gresty MA (2005) Motion sickness susceptibility fluctuates through the menstrual cycle. Aviat Space Environ Med 76(10):970–973PubMed Golding JF, Kadzere P, Gresty MA (2005) Motion sickness susceptibility fluctuates through the menstrual cycle. Aviat Space Environ Med 76(10):970–973PubMed
go back to reference Gómez-Amor J, Martínez-Selva J, Román F, Zamora S (1990) Electrodermal activity in menstrual cycle phases: a comparison of within-and between-subjects designs. Int J Psychophysiol 9(1):39–47PubMedCrossRef Gómez-Amor J, Martínez-Selva J, Román F, Zamora S (1990) Electrodermal activity in menstrual cycle phases: a comparison of within-and between-subjects designs. Int J Psychophysiol 9(1):39–47PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Häkkinen J, Vuori T, Paakka M (2002) Postural stability and sickness symptoms after HMD use. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (Vol. 1, pp. 147–152). IEEE Häkkinen J, Vuori T, Paakka M (2002) Postural stability and sickness symptoms after HMD use. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (Vol. 1, pp. 147–152). IEEE
go back to reference Häkkinen J, Takatalo J, Komulainen J, Särkelä H, Havukumpu J, Nyman G (2006) Simulator sickness symptoms in virtual display gaming. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Display Workshops (IDW'05) (pp. 6–9). Häkkinen J, Takatalo J, Komulainen J, Särkelä H, Havukumpu J, Nyman G (2006) Simulator sickness symptoms in virtual display gaming. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Display Workshops (IDW'05) (pp. 6–9).
go back to reference Harm DL (1990) Physiology of motion sickness symptoms. In: Crampton GH (ed) Motion and space sickness. CRC Press Inc, Boca Rayton, pp 154–177 Harm DL (1990) Physiology of motion sickness symptoms. In: Crampton GH (ed) Motion and space sickness. CRC Press Inc, Boca Rayton, pp 154–177
go back to reference Harm DL, Taylor LC, Bloomberg JJ (2007) Adaptive changes in sensorimotor coordination and motion sickness following repeated exposures to virtual environments. Harm DL, Taylor LC, Bloomberg JJ (2007) Adaptive changes in sensorimotor coordination and motion sickness following repeated exposures to virtual environments.
go back to reference Hemmerich WA, Shahal A, Hecht H (2019) Predictors of visually induced motion sickness in women. Displays 58:27–32CrossRef Hemmerich WA, Shahal A, Hecht H (2019) Predictors of visually induced motion sickness in women. Displays 58:27–32CrossRef
go back to reference Hettinger LJ, Riccio GE (1992) Visually induced motion sickness in virtual environments. Presence Teleoper Virt Environ 1(3):306–310CrossRef Hettinger LJ, Riccio GE (1992) Visually induced motion sickness in virtual environments. Presence Teleoper Virt Environ 1(3):306–310CrossRef
go back to reference Hill KJ, Howarth PA (2000) Habituation to the side effects of immersion in a virtual environment. Displays 21(1):25–30CrossRef Hill KJ, Howarth PA (2000) Habituation to the side effects of immersion in a virtual environment. Displays 21(1):25–30CrossRef
go back to reference Howarth PA, Clemes SA (2006) Susceptibility to induced visual discomfort during the menstrual cycle while viewing a visual display unit. Optom vis Sci 83(3):190–194PubMedCrossRef Howarth PA, Clemes SA (2006) Susceptibility to induced visual discomfort during the menstrual cycle while viewing a visual display unit. Optom vis Sci 83(3):190–194PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Howarth PA, Hodder SG (2008) Characteristics of habituation to motion in a virtual environment. Displays 29(2):117–123CrossRef Howarth PA, Hodder SG (2008) Characteristics of habituation to motion in a virtual environment. Displays 29(2):117–123CrossRef
go back to reference Jaeger BK, Mourant RR (2001) Comparison of simulator sickness using static and dynamic walking simulators. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 45, No. 27, pp. 1896–1900). SAGE Publications, Los Angeles Jaeger BK, Mourant RR (2001) Comparison of simulator sickness using static and dynamic walking simulators. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 45, No. 27, pp. 1896–1900). SAGE Publications, Los Angeles
go back to reference Javid FA, Naylor RJ (1999) Variables of movement amplitude and frequency in the development of motion sickness in Suncus murinus. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 64(1):115–122PubMedCrossRef Javid FA, Naylor RJ (1999) Variables of movement amplitude and frequency in the development of motion sickness in Suncus murinus. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 64(1):115–122PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kanny MA, Sax LJ, Riggers-Piehl TA (2014) Investigating forty years of STEM research: How explanations for the gender gap have evolved over time. J Women Minorit Sci Eng 20(2):127–148CrossRef Kanny MA, Sax LJ, Riggers-Piehl TA (2014) Investigating forty years of STEM research: How explanations for the gender gap have evolved over time. J Women Minorit Sci Eng 20(2):127–148CrossRef
go back to reference Kennedy RS, Lane NE, Berbaum KS, Lilienthal MG (1993) Simulator sickness questionnaire: an enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. Int J Aviat Psychol 3(3):203–220CrossRef Kennedy RS, Lane NE, Berbaum KS, Lilienthal MG (1993) Simulator sickness questionnaire: an enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. Int J Aviat Psychol 3(3):203–220CrossRef
go back to reference Kennedy RS, Kennedy RC, Kennedy KE, Wasula C, Bartlett KM (2014) Virtual environments and product liability. In: Handbook of virtual environments (pp. 512–525). CRC Press Kennedy RS, Kennedy RC, Kennedy KE, Wasula C, Bartlett KM (2014) Virtual environments and product liability. In: Handbook of virtual environments (pp. 512–525). CRC Press
go back to reference Keshavarz B (2016) Exploring behavioral methods to reduce visually induced motion sickness in virtual environments. In: International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (pp. 147–155). Springer, Cham Keshavarz B (2016) Exploring behavioral methods to reduce visually induced motion sickness in virtual environments. In: International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (pp. 147–155). Springer, Cham
go back to reference Kim HE, Hong YJ, Kim MK, Jung YH, Kyeong S, Kim JJ (2017) Effectiveness of self-training using the mobile-based virtual reality program in patients with social anxiety disorder. Comput Hum Behav 73:614–619CrossRef Kim HE, Hong YJ, Kim MK, Jung YH, Kyeong S, Kim JJ (2017) Effectiveness of self-training using the mobile-based virtual reality program in patients with social anxiety disorder. Comput Hum Behav 73:614–619CrossRef
go back to reference Koch KL (2002) Gastrointestinal factors in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(5):S198–S203PubMedCrossRef Koch KL (2002) Gastrointestinal factors in nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(5):S198–S203PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Koslucher F, Haaland E, Malsch A, Webeler J, Stoffregen TA (2015) Sex differences in the incidence of motion sickness induced by linear visual oscillation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 86(9):787–793PubMedCrossRef Koslucher F, Haaland E, Malsch A, Webeler J, Stoffregen TA (2015) Sex differences in the incidence of motion sickness induced by linear visual oscillation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 86(9):787–793PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kucher K, Cernea D, Kerren A (2016) Visualizing excitement of individuals and groups. In: Proceedings of the 2016 EmoVis Conference on Emotion and Visualization (pp. 15–22). Linkoping University Kucher K, Cernea D, Kerren A (2016) Visualizing excitement of individuals and groups. In: Proceedings of the 2016 EmoVis Conference on Emotion and Visualization (pp. 15–22). Linkoping University
go back to reference Lawson BD (2014) Motion sickness symptomatology and origins. In: Hale KS, Stanney KM (eds) Handbook of virtual environments: design, implementation, and applications (2nd ed., pp. 531–600). CRC Press Lawson BD (2014) Motion sickness symptomatology and origins. In: Hale KS, Stanney KM (eds) Handbook of virtual environments: design, implementation, and applications (2nd ed., pp. 531–600). CRC Press
go back to reference Lawson BD, Kass SJ, Lambert C, Smith S (2004) Survey and review concerning evidence for gender differences in motion susceptibility. Aviat Space Environ Med 75(4):105 Lawson BD, Kass SJ, Lambert C, Smith S (2004) Survey and review concerning evidence for gender differences in motion susceptibility. Aviat Space Environ Med 75(4):105
go back to reference Lawther A, Griffin MJ (1988) A survey of the occurrence of motion sickness amongst passengers at sea. Aviat Space Environ Med 59(5):399–406PubMed Lawther A, Griffin MJ (1988) A survey of the occurrence of motion sickness amongst passengers at sea. Aviat Space Environ Med 59(5):399–406PubMed
go back to reference Lele A (2013) Virtual reality and its military utility. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 4(1):17–26CrossRef Lele A (2013) Virtual reality and its military utility. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 4(1):17–26CrossRef
go back to reference Lin JW, Duh HBL, Parker DE, Abi-Rached H, Furness TA (2002) Effects of field of view on presence, enjoyment, memory, and simulator sickness in a virtual environment. In: Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality 2002(pp. 164–171). IEEE Lin JW, Duh HBL, Parker DE, Abi-Rached H, Furness TA (2002) Effects of field of view on presence, enjoyment, memory, and simulator sickness in a virtual environment. In: Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality 2002(pp. 164–171). IEEE
go back to reference Matchock RL, Levine ME, Gianaros PJ, Stern RM (2008) Susceptibility to nausea and motion sickness as a function of the menstrual cycle. Womens Health Issues 18(4):328–335PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Matchock RL, Levine ME, Gianaros PJ, Stern RM (2008) Susceptibility to nausea and motion sickness as a function of the menstrual cycle. Womens Health Issues 18(4):328–335PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Meehan M, Razzaque S, Whitton MC, Brooks FP (2003) Effect of latency on presence in stressful virtual environments. In: IEEE Virtual Reality, 2003. Proceedings. (pp. 141–148). IEEE Meehan M, Razzaque S, Whitton MC, Brooks FP (2003) Effect of latency on presence in stressful virtual environments. In: IEEE Virtual Reality, 2003. Proceedings. (pp. 141–148). IEEE
go back to reference Merhi O, Faugloire E, Flanagan M, Stoffregen TA (2007) Motion sickness, console video games, and head-mounted displays. Hum Factors 49(5):920–934PubMedCrossRef Merhi O, Faugloire E, Flanagan M, Stoffregen TA (2007) Motion sickness, console video games, and head-mounted displays. Hum Factors 49(5):920–934PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Min BC, Chung SC, Min YK, Sakamoto K (2004) Psychophysiological evaluation of simulator sickness evoked by a graphic simulator. Appl Ergon 35(6):549–556PubMedCrossRef Min BC, Chung SC, Min YK, Sakamoto K (2004) Psychophysiological evaluation of simulator sickness evoked by a graphic simulator. Appl Ergon 35(6):549–556PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Munafo J, Diedrick M, Stoffregen TA (2017) The virtual reality head-mounted display Oculus Rift induces motion sickness and is sexist in its effects. Exp Brain Res 235(3):889–901PubMedCrossRef Munafo J, Diedrick M, Stoffregen TA (2017) The virtual reality head-mounted display Oculus Rift induces motion sickness and is sexist in its effects. Exp Brain Res 235(3):889–901PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Muth ER (2006) Motion and space sickness: intestinal and autonomic correlates. Auton Neurosci 129(1–2):58–66PubMedCrossRef Muth ER (2006) Motion and space sickness: intestinal and autonomic correlates. Auton Neurosci 129(1–2):58–66PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Olbrich M, Graf H, Keil J, Gad R, Bamfaste S, Nicolini F (2018) Virtual reality based space operations–a study of ESA’s potential for VR based training and simulation. In: International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (pp. 438–451). Springer, Cham Olbrich M, Graf H, Keil J, Gad R, Bamfaste S, Nicolini F (2018) Virtual reality based space operations–a study of ESA’s potential for VR based training and simulation. In: International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality (pp. 438–451). Springer, Cham
go back to reference Redelmeier DA, Kahneman D (1996) Patients’ memories of painful medical treatments: real-time and retrospective evaluations of two minimally invasive procedures. Pain 66(1):3–8PubMedCrossRef Redelmeier DA, Kahneman D (1996) Patients’ memories of painful medical treatments: real-time and retrospective evaluations of two minimally invasive procedures. Pain 66(1):3–8PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ruddle RA (2004) The effect of environment characteristics and user interaction on levels of virtual environment sickness. In: IEEE Virtual Reality 2004 (pp. 141–285). IEEE Ruddle RA (2004) The effect of environment characteristics and user interaction on levels of virtual environment sickness. In: IEEE Virtual Reality 2004 (pp. 141–285). IEEE
go back to reference Sharples S, Cobb S, Moody A, Wilson JR (2008) Virtual reality induced symptoms and effects (VRISE): comparison of head mounted display (HMD), desktop and projection display systems. Displays 29(2):58–69CrossRef Sharples S, Cobb S, Moody A, Wilson JR (2008) Virtual reality induced symptoms and effects (VRISE): comparison of head mounted display (HMD), desktop and projection display systems. Displays 29(2):58–69CrossRef
go back to reference Sjoberg L, Via S (2010) Gender, war, and militarism: feminist perspectives. Praeger, Santa BarbaraCrossRef Sjoberg L, Via S (2010) Gender, war, and militarism: feminist perspectives. Praeger, Santa BarbaraCrossRef
go back to reference Small CM, Manatunga AK, Marcus M (2007) Validity of self-reported menstrual cycle length. Ann Epidemiol 17(3):163–170PubMedCrossRef Small CM, Manatunga AK, Marcus M (2007) Validity of self-reported menstrual cycle length. Ann Epidemiol 17(3):163–170PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Solimini AG (2013) Are there side effects to watching 3D movies? A prospective crossover observational study on visually induced motion sickness. PLoS ONE 8(2):56160CrossRef Solimini AG (2013) Are there side effects to watching 3D movies? A prospective crossover observational study on visually induced motion sickness. PLoS ONE 8(2):56160CrossRef
go back to reference Stachenfeld NS, Silva C, Keefe DL, Kokoszka CA, Nadel ER (1999) Effects of oral contraceptives on body fluid regulation. J Appl Physiol 87(3):1016–1025PubMedCrossRef Stachenfeld NS, Silva C, Keefe DL, Kokoszka CA, Nadel ER (1999) Effects of oral contraceptives on body fluid regulation. J Appl Physiol 87(3):1016–1025PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stanney KM, Hale KS, Nahmens I, Kennedy RS (2003) What to expect from immersive virtual environment exposure: influences of gender, body mass index, and past experience. Hum Factors 45(3):504–520PubMedCrossRef Stanney KM, Hale KS, Nahmens I, Kennedy RS (2003) What to expect from immersive virtual environment exposure: influences of gender, body mass index, and past experience. Hum Factors 45(3):504–520PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stoffregen TA, Hettinger LJ, Haas MW, Roe MM, Smart LJ (2000) Postural instability and motion sickness in a fixed-base flight simulator. Hum Factors 42(3):458–469PubMedCrossRef Stoffregen TA, Hettinger LJ, Haas MW, Roe MM, Smart LJ (2000) Postural instability and motion sickness in a fixed-base flight simulator. Hum Factors 42(3):458–469PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stoffregen TA, Faugloire E, Yoshida K, Flanagan MB, Merhi O (2008) Motion sickness and postural sway in console video games. Hum Fact 50(2):322–331CrossRef Stoffregen TA, Faugloire E, Yoshida K, Flanagan MB, Merhi O (2008) Motion sickness and postural sway in console video games. Hum Fact 50(2):322–331CrossRef
go back to reference Stoffregen TA, Chen YC, Koslucher FC (2014) Motion control, motion sickness, and the postural dynamics of mobile devices. Exp Brain Res 232(4):1389–1397PubMedCrossRef Stoffregen TA, Chen YC, Koslucher FC (2014) Motion control, motion sickness, and the postural dynamics of mobile devices. Exp Brain Res 232(4):1389–1397PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Swann,GP, Stone RJ (2002) Virtually a market? Selling practice and the diffusion of virtual reality. In: Handbook of Virtual Environments (pp. 595–620). CRC Press Swann,GP, Stone RJ (2002) Virtually a market? Selling practice and the diffusion of virtual reality. In: Handbook of Virtual Environments (pp. 595–620). CRC Press
go back to reference Teepker M, Peters M, Kundermann B, Vedder H, Schepelmann K, Lautenbacher S (2011) The effects of oral contraceptives on detection and pain thresholds as well as headache intensity during menstrual cycle in migraine. Headache J Head Face Pain 51(1):92–104CrossRef Teepker M, Peters M, Kundermann B, Vedder H, Schepelmann K, Lautenbacher S (2011) The effects of oral contraceptives on detection and pain thresholds as well as headache intensity during menstrual cycle in migraine. Headache J Head Face Pain 51(1):92–104CrossRef
go back to reference Turner M, Griffin MJ (1999) Motion sickness in public road transport: the relative importance of motion, vision and individual differences. Br J Psychol 90(4):519–530PubMedCrossRef Turner M, Griffin MJ (1999) Motion sickness in public road transport: the relative importance of motion, vision and individual differences. Br J Psychol 90(4):519–530PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Vorderer P, Hartmann T, Klimmt C (2003) Explaining the enjoyment of playing video games: the role of competition. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on Entertainment computing (pp. 1–9). Carnegie Mellon University Vorderer P, Hartmann T, Klimmt C (2003) Explaining the enjoyment of playing video games: the role of competition. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on Entertainment computing (pp. 1–9). Carnegie Mellon University
go back to reference Walsh JW, Hasler WL, Nugent CE, Owyang C (1996) Progesterone and estrogen are potential mediators of gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias in nausea of pregnancy. Am J Physiol Gastroint Liver Physiol 270(3):506–514CrossRef Walsh JW, Hasler WL, Nugent CE, Owyang C (1996) Progesterone and estrogen are potential mediators of gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias in nausea of pregnancy. Am J Physiol Gastroint Liver Physiol 270(3):506–514CrossRef
go back to reference Whalen TE, Noël S, Stewart J (2003) Measuring the human side of virtual reality. In: Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems, 2003. VECIMS'03. 2003 IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 8–12). IEEE. Whalen TE, Noël S, Stewart J (2003) Measuring the human side of virtual reality. In: Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems, 2003. VECIMS'03. 2003 IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 8–12). IEEE.
go back to reference Yokota Y, Aoki M, Mizuta K, Ito Y, Isu N (2005) Motion sickness susceptibility associated with visually induced postural instability and cardiac autonomic responses in healthy subjects. Acta Otolaryngol 125(3):280–285PubMedCrossRef Yokota Y, Aoki M, Mizuta K, Ito Y, Isu N (2005) Motion sickness susceptibility associated with visually induced postural instability and cardiac autonomic responses in healthy subjects. Acta Otolaryngol 125(3):280–285PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Young SD, Adelstein BD, Ellis SR (2006) Demand characteristics of a questionnaire used to assess motion sickness in a virtual environment. In: IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006) (pp. 97–102). IEEE. Young SD, Adelstein BD, Ellis SR (2006) Demand characteristics of a questionnaire used to assess motion sickness in a virtual environment. In: IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006) (pp. 97–102). IEEE.
go back to reference Zhou W, Wang J, Pan L, Qi R, Liu P, Liu J, Cai Y (2017) Sex and age differences in motion sickness in rats: the correlation with blood hormone responses and neuronal activation in the vestibular and autonomic nuclei. Front Aging Neurosci 9:29PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhou W, Wang J, Pan L, Qi R, Liu P, Liu J, Cai Y (2017) Sex and age differences in motion sickness in rats: the correlation with blood hormone responses and neuronal activation in the vestibular and autonomic nuclei. Front Aging Neurosci 9:29PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Potential factors contributing to observed sex differences in virtual-reality-induced sickness
Authors
Grainne M. Bannigan
Alexandra A. de Sousa
Meike Scheller
Daniel J. Finnegan
Michael J. Proulx
Publication date
03-01-2024
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Experimental Brain Research / Issue 2/2024
Print ISSN: 0014-4819
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1106
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-023-06760-0

Keynote series | Spotlight on menopause

Menopause can have a significant impact on the body, with effects ranging beyond the endocrine and reproductive systems. Learn about the systemic effects of menopause, so you can help patients in your clinics through the transition.   

Prof. Martha Hickey
Dr. Claudia Barth
Dr. Samar El Khoudary
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Watch now

Advances in Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's research and care is changing rapidly. Keep up with the latest developments from key international conferences, together with expert insights on how to integrate these advances into practice.

This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.

Supported by:
  • Lilly
Developed by: Springer Healthcare IME
Learn more