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Dysphagia
Published in: Dysphagia 5/2021

01-10-2021 | Review

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Neuromuscular Specializations of the Human Hypopharyngeal Muscles

Authors: Mohammed Elrabie Ahmed Mohammed, Liancai Mu, Hesham Mostafa Abdelfattah

Published in: Dysphagia | Issue 5/2021

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Abstract

The hypopharyngeal muscles in humans play a vital role in swallowing, speech, and respiration. Increasing evidence indicates that these muscles are specialized to perform life-sustaining upper aerodigestive functions. This review aims to provide current knowledge regarding the key structural, physiological, and biochemical features of the hypopharyngeal muscles, including innervation, contractile properties, histochemistry, biochemical properties, myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression and regulation, and age-related alterations. These would clarify the unique neuromuscular specializations of the human hypopharyngeal muscles for a better understanding of the functions and pathological conditions of the pharynx and for the development of novel therapies to treat related upper airway disorders.
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Metadata
Title
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Neuromuscular Specializations of the Human Hypopharyngeal Muscles
Authors
Mohammed Elrabie Ahmed Mohammed
Liancai Mu
Hesham Mostafa Abdelfattah
Publication date
01-10-2021
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Dysphagia / Issue 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0179-051X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0460
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10212-0

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