23-10-2024 | Review Article
Navigating hernia sac management in minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair: to abandon or to reduce? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors:
Ana Caroline Dias Rasador, Carlos Balthazar da Silveira, João Pedro Kasakewitch, Gabriele Lech, Diego Laurentino Lima, Prashanth Sreeramoju, Flavio Malcher
Published in:
Surgical Endoscopy
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Abstract
Aim
Minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair has become increasingly accepted, demonstrating superior outcomes over open procedures in postoperative complications. However, certain postoperative complications, such as seroma, remain a dilemma, with many attributing it to the management of the hernia sac. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the reduction versus abandonment of the hernia sac during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
Material and methods
Cochrane, Scopus, SciELO, and PubMed were searched for studies comparing reduction and abandonment of the hernia sac. Our primary outcome was seroma. Secondary outcomes were overall complications, postoperative pain, surgical site infection, recurrence, hospital length of stay (LOS), and operative time. We performed a subgroup analysis of transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) techniques. Statistical analysis was performed with R Studio.
Results
2388 studies were screened, and seven studies were included, comprising 3153 patients, of which 916 (29%) were in the abandonment group. We found higher seroma rates for the abandonment group (RR 1.52; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.89; P < 0.001). No differences were found in overall complications (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.42; P = 0.61), postoperative pain (RR 1.15; 95% CI 0.46 to 2.87; P = 0.76), recurrence (RR 2.67; 95% CI 0.51 to 14.05; P = 0.25), operative time (MD − 4.45 min; 95% CI − 12.77 to 3.86; P = 0.29), and LOS (MD -0.06 days; 95% CI − 0.14 to 0.02; P = 0.14) between both groups. Subgroup analysis of seroma showed no differences between the groups when analyzing TAPP (19.3% vs. 13%; RR 1.65; 95% CI 0.91 to 2.99; P = 0.1) and TEP (9% vs. 4.3%; RR 1.69; 95% CI 0.62 to 4.6; P = 0.3) procedures.
Conclusion
Our systematic review and meta-analysis support that hernia sac abandonment may be associated with increased early seroma rates following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, but limited data are available for technique-specific analyses.