Published in:

14-03-2025 | Multiple Myeloma | Review Free for a limited time

Exploring the ocular involvement in multiple myeloma: a comprehensive review of 70-year clinical studies

Authors: Matteo Ripa, Chiara Schipa, Paola Aceto, Neeraj Apoorva Shah

Published in: International Ophthalmology | Issue 1/2025

Abstract

Purpose

To review the ocular symptoms and the related physiopathology in patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) to evaluate whether the ocular manifestations can be considered a disease hallmark that can guide the clinician’s decision-making.

Methods

A comprehensive review of three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase) was conducted until April 25, 2024. Studies reporting intra- or extraocular manifestations of MM were included, excluding cases of other monoclonal gammopathies or therapy-related ocular effects. After screening 1873 initial results and hand-searching references, 82 articles were included.

Results

Ophthalmic manifestations may be the first sign or represent MM relapsing. Several eyelid manifestations have been reported, including bilateral eyelid ecchymosis, cutaneous xanthomatosis, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, localized lipid deposits, ptosis associated with diplopia, and eyelid ectropion. Several reports have reported crystalline deposits throughout all layers of the cornea, including the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium of MM patients. In addition, copper deposition that appears as a greenish-brown deposit affecting the central cornea on Descemet’s membrane with unique characteristics has also been rarely reported in MM patients. Beyond anterior segment involvement, the retina and choroid can also be affected in MM with bilateral central retinal vein occlusion, choroidal effusion, ciliary body cysts, Purtscher’s retinopathy, and microvascular changes.

Conclusions

Early recognition of MM’s ophthalmic manifestations is essential to establish an early diagnosis and treatment. Hence, all patients diagnosed with MM should undergo a thorough ophthalmic examination. Therefore, a close collaboration between hematologists and ophthalmologists could lead to earlier diagnoses and potentially impact the course of the disease.

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Title: Exploring the ocular involvement in multiple myeloma: a comprehensive review of 70-year clinical studies
Authors: Matteo Ripa
Chiara Schipa
Paola Aceto
Neeraj Apoorva Shah
Publication date: 14-03-2025
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Keywords: Multiple Myeloma
Diagnostics in Ophthalmology
General Diseases with Eye Involvement
Eye Examinations
Diseases of the Eyelids
Corneal Diseases
Retinal Diseases
Choroidal Disorders
Published in: International Ophthalmology / Issue 1/2025
Print ISSN: 0165-5701
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2630
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03467-9

Comparison of tear cytokines and neuropeptides, ocular surface parameters, and corneal nerve structure in patients with early-stage diabetes mellitus and control subjects

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Microbiological study of infectious keratitis at Ho Chi Minh City Eye Hospital

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Vitreous hemorrhage in patients with uveitis: a comparative study between adults and children

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Association of peripheral neuropathy with dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes

Xerophthalmia
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Clinico-tomographic-pathological correlation in nodulo-ulcerative ocular surface squamous neoplasia: a study of 16 cases

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Emodin alleviates the damage to lens epithelial cells in diabetic cataract by repressing the p53-mediated ferroptosis pathway

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Exploring the ocular involvement in multiple myeloma: a comprehensive review of 70-year clinical studies

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Other articles of this Issue 1/2025

Comparison of tear cytokines and neuropeptides, ocular surface parameters, and corneal nerve structure in patients with early-stage diabetes mellitus and control subjects

Microbiological study of infectious keratitis at Ho Chi Minh City Eye Hospital

Vitreous hemorrhage in patients with uveitis: a comparative study between adults and children

Association of peripheral neuropathy with dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes

Clinico-tomographic-pathological correlation in nodulo-ulcerative ocular surface squamous neoplasia: a study of 16 cases

Emodin alleviates the damage to lens epithelial cells in diabetic cataract by repressing the p53-mediated ferroptosis pathway

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Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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