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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie

Open Access 03-02-2025 | Mouth Hygiene | Original Article

Effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on quality of life among orthodontic patients with craniofacial disorder compared to healthy controls

A cross-sectional study

Authors: Dr. C. Weismann, DMD, M. Schmidt, J. Effert, M. C. Schulz, C. F. Poets, B. Koos, M. Aretxabaleta

Published in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie

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Abstract

Purpose

Craniofacial disorders (CD) affect the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Therefore, this study evaluates the OHIP in orthodontic patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence compared to healthy controls (C).

Methods

A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire, with responses categorized into functional and psychological well-being items. In addition, the study considered the influence of crossbite, orthodontic appliance type, oral hygiene, and speech therapy. A high OHIP score represents a good quality of life. The Mann–Whitney test was used for nonparametric quantitative variables; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The study included 119 participants (ages 7–21 years; 61 male, 58 female), divided into a CD group consisting of patients with cleft lip and/or palate or Robin sequence (n = 42) and a control group (C; n = 77; mean age 13.5 ± 5.2 and 14.3 ± 3.3 years, respectively). Both groups showed comparable OHIP-14 scores. The CD group reported significantly higher satisfaction regarding nutritional intake (p = 0.03), while the social and psychological dimensions were reduced (p = 0.04). Factors like crossbite, orthodontic appliance and speech therapy did not have a significant impact on OHIP. CD patients with good oral hygiene showed significantly superior self-reported psychological OHIP (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Patients with cleft lip and/or palate or with Robin sequence exhibited OHIP scores comparable to healthy individuals despite their underlying condition. Early guidance on dental care and tooth-friendly nutrition has the potential to improve OHRQoL. Additionally, providing supplemental psychological support during orthodontic treatment is advisable.

Graphic abstract

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Effects of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on quality of life among orthodontic patients with craniofacial disorder compared to healthy controls
A cross-sectional study
Authors
Dr. C. Weismann, DMD
M. Schmidt
J. Effert
M. C. Schulz
C. F. Poets
B. Koos
M. Aretxabaleta
Publication date
03-02-2025
Publisher
Springer Medizin
Keyword
Mouth Hygiene
Published in
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie
Print ISSN: 1434-5293
Electronic ISSN: 1615-6714
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-024-00571-w