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Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
Published in:

08-06-2024 | Mastectomy | Research

Choosing breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy and subpectoral implant breast reconstruction: implications for pectoralis major function

Authors: Joshua M. Leonardis, Adeyiza O. Momoh, David B. Lipps

Published in: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | Issue 3/2024

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Abstract

Background

An increasing number of women are choosing mastectomy and subpectoral implant (SI) breast reconstruction over breast-conserving therapy (BCT). It is unclear to what extent these procedures differ in their effect on the pectoralis major (PM). The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of choosing BCT or SI breast reconstruction on PM function.

Methods

Ultrasound shear wave elastography images were acquired from the PM fiber regions and surface electromyography obtained activity from six shoulder muscles, while 14 BCT participants, 14 SI participants, and 14 age-matched controls remained at rest or generated submaximal shoulder torques.

Results

BCT and SI participants were significantly weaker in shoulder adduction, while BCT participants were also weaker in internal and external rotation (all p ≤ 0.003). PM function was altered following either BCT or SI. In all treatment groups, the clavicular fiber region contributed primarily to flexion, and the sternocostal primarily contributed to adduction. However, healthy participants utilized the clavicular region more during adduction and the sternocostal region more during flexion when compared to BCT or SI participants (all p ≤ 0.049). The still intact clavicular region increased its contributions to flexion torques in SI participants compared to controls (p = 0.016). Finally, BCT and SI participants compensated for changes in PM function using synergistic shoulder musculature.

Conclusion

Both BCT and SI breast reconstruction result in significant long-term upper extremity strength deficits. Our results suggest changes to the underlying function of the PM and the adoption of unique but inadequate neuromuscular compensation strategies drive these deficits.
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Metadata
Title
Choosing breast-conserving therapy or mastectomy and subpectoral implant breast reconstruction: implications for pectoralis major function
Authors
Joshua M. Leonardis
Adeyiza O. Momoh
David B. Lipps
Publication date
08-06-2024
Publisher
Springer US
Keyword
Mastectomy
Published in
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment / Issue 3/2024
Print ISSN: 0167-6806
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7217
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-024-07381-z

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