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Open Access 12-03-2025 | Original Research Article

Market and Non-Market Productivity Losses Associated with Invasive Meningococcal Disease in the USA

Authors: Hiral Anil Shah, Ginita Jutlla, Oscar Herrera-Restrepo, Jonathan Graham, Mei Grace, Shah Alam Khan, Elise Kuylen, Shahina Begum, Frederik Verelst, Zeki Kocaata

Published in: PharmacoEconomics

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Abstract

Background and Objective

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an uncommon but serious disease associated with a risk of death and severe long-term sequelae, impacting both patients and their caregivers. Productivity losses due to IMD have not previously been comprehensively evaluated in the USA. This study evaluated both market and non-market productivity losses to better estimate the economic burden of IMD in the USA.

Methods

An economic model estimated lifetime market (labour) and non-market (unpaid household, caring and voluntary services) productivity losses due to acute IMD, premature death due to IMD, reduced life expectancy in IMD survivors and IMD-related sequelae for patients 16 years of age or older and their caregivers based on IMD cases diagnosed in the USA in 2021 (due to data availability). Time use data were used to characterise IMD-incurred disruptions as market or non-market productivity losses. Time lost during the acute phase (assumed equal for patients and caregivers) was estimated based on hospital length-of-stay data. Time lost due to premature death from acute IMD or reduced remaining life expectancy (only calculated for patients) was estimated by subtracting the age at IMD acquisition or life expectancy of IMD survivors from average life expectancy. Time lost due to IMD-related sequelae was estimated based on sequelae event rates. Time lost was multiplied by earnings per hour (derived from median salary) to estimate productivity losses. Assumptions about sequelae impact on productivity were derived from the literature and expert clinical opinion. Scenario and sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of different inputs and assumptions on the results. Costs were inflated to 2023 US dollars.

Results

Lifetime productivity losses for IMD cases diagnosed in the USA in 2021 (N = 121) totalled $87.4 million ($722,458 per case) for patients 16 years of age and older and their caregivers, with market and non-market losses accounting for approximately 72% and 28%, respectively. Premature death, reduced life expectancy and long-term sequelae were responsible for the majority of total productivity losses for patients and caregivers ($87.1 million); the acute phase accounted for $314,850. Results were most sensitive to the ratio of total benefits, median salary, case-fatality rates and specific sequelae included.

Conclusions

Despite being an uncommon disease, the high mortality rate and severe long-term consequences of IMD result in a substantial economic impact. Comprehensive market and non-market productivity losses for both patients and caregivers should be considered when evaluating and communicating the true burden of IMD.
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Metadata
Title
Market and Non-Market Productivity Losses Associated with Invasive Meningococcal Disease in the USA
Authors
Hiral Anil Shah
Ginita Jutlla
Oscar Herrera-Restrepo
Jonathan Graham
Mei Grace
Shah Alam Khan
Elise Kuylen
Shahina Begum
Frederik Verelst
Zeki Kocaata
Publication date
12-03-2025
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
PharmacoEconomics
Print ISSN: 1170-7690
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2027
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-025-01477-0