A Negative Association between Social Support and Depression in the Elderly Population of Amirkola City
Mahbobeh Faramarzi
Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Seyed Reza Hosseini *
Department of Community Medicine, Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Centre, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Robert G. Cumming
Department of Epidemiology and Geriatric Medicine, Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Farzan Kheirkhah
Department of Psychiatry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Faezeh Parsaei
Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Nafiseh Ghasemi
Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Ali Bijani
Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in old age. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between social support and depression in elderly population of Amirkola city, northern Iran. Also, a few studies have been conducted to determine whether there is any association between social support and depression in different cultural settings, e.g. in western countries.
Methodology: This cross sectional study came from the Amirkola Health and Ageing Project (AHAP), that was undertaken among 1612 older people aged 60 years and over (881 males and 731 females) in Amirkola. The sampling method was done using the census records. Depression was assessed via the shortened 15 item version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and social support measured by the shortened 11 item version of the Duke Social Support Index (DSSI).
Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 43.4%. The mean social support score in the subjects without depressive symptoms was 28.32±2.79 which has been significantly higher than those with depressive symptoms 25.86±3.44. Linear regression analysis displays the variables in the final model like social support, age, gender, education, living status; social support was negatively the most associated variable with depression (β for social satisfaction= -0.245, P<0.001 and for social interaction 0 -0.199 P<0.001). Thus for the males, those who are younger, those who are more educated, those who are married and those who are employed, their social support scores were higher.
Conclusions: Lack of social support is negatively associated with depression in the elderly people in Iran.
Keywords: Depression, social support, elderly