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2013, vol. 29, br. 68, str. 1298-1305
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Oralna higijena kao dominantna determinanta zdravlja
Oral hygiene as the dominat determinat of health
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj Naučni i zdravstveni temelji u prevenciji karijesa zasnivaju se na stavu da je prepoznavanje karijesa na nivou kavitacije prekasno da bi se zadovoljila savremena načela struke. Međutim, kod nas još ne postoji dovoljno razvijena svijest o važnosti oralnog zdravlja za cjelokupno zdravlje pojedinca, a još manje o važnosti sprovođenja oralne higijene. Materijal i metod Istraživanje je sprovedeno po tipu studije presjeka, od maja do septembra 2009. godine u stomatološkim ordinacijama Doma zdravlja Tivat. Istraživanje su radili stomatološki timovi sa pacijentima starosti do petanaest godina. Instrument istraživanja bio je upitnik i stomatološki pregled usta i zuba. Pregled je izvršen prema metodologiji i kriterijima SZO. Odgovori dobijeni tokom intervjua upoređivani su sa podacima kliničkog pregleda. Rezultati Analizirajući dobijene odgovore ustanovljeno je da najviše ispitanika pere zube dva puta dnevno, a stomatologa najčešće posjećuju jednom u šest mjeseci. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je kod 57% ispitanika pregledom uočeno postojanje karioznih mliječnih zuba. Kod više od 63% ispitanika nađeni su stalni kariozni zubi. Kod 14% ispitanika nađen je gingivitis, a kod 44,7% ispitanika uočena je ortodontska anomalija. Polovina ispitanika koja rijetko pere zube ima problema sa gingivitisom. Postoji statistički visoko značajna razlika u pojavi gingivitisom u vezi sa učestalošću pranja zuba. Zaključak Postoji značajna razlika u održavanju higijene usta i zuba prema polu, kao i prema nekim drugim socio-demografskim karakteristikama ispitanikla. Studija je pokazala povezanost karijesa i gingivitisa sa učestalošću pranja zuba i frekvencije posjeta stomatologu.
Abstract
Background: Scientific and health foundations in caries prevention are based on the view that in order to meet modern principles that already exist within the profession it is too late if the caries is detected in the cavitation stage. However, there is not enough awareness of the importance of oral health to the overall health of an individual and even less about the importance of practicing oral hygiene. Material and Methods: The research was carried out as a cross-sectional study from May to September 2009 in dentist offices at the Medical Center Tivat. It was conducted with patients under the age of 15 by dental teams. The research instruments were the questionnaire and dental examination of the mouth and teeth. The examination was done in accordance with the WHO methodology and criteria. The answers obtained from the questionnaire were correlated with the clinical data. Results: The obtained results showed that the most respondents brushed their teeth twice a day and that they usually visited a dentist once in six months. Clinical data also showed that 57% of respondents had carious deciduous teeth, more than 63% of respondents had carious permanent teeth, 14% had gingivitis and 44.7% of them had orthodontic anomalies. Half of the respondents who rarely brushed their teeth suffered from gingivitis. There was a high statistically significant difference between the occurrence of gingivitis and the frequency of tooth brushing. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the maintenance of oral hygiene according to gender as well as other socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. The study showed that there was a correlation between the occurrence of caries and gingivitis and the frequency of tooth brushing and visits to a dentist.
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