Effect of at-home bleaching with different thickeners and aging on physical properties of a nanocomposite

 

PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the influence of 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) containing different thickeners on the physical characteristics of a nanocomposite resin submitted or not to accelerated artificial aging (AAA). Materials and Methods: One hundred samples were randomly distributed into two groups (n = 50) according to AAA. Each group was divided into 5 subgroups (n = 10) depending on the bleaching/thickener treatment: CP + carbopol, CP + natrosol, carbopol, natrosol, and no treatment (control). The physical properties tested were color (ΔE), gloss (GU), mean roughness (Ra), and Knoop microhardness (KHN). The resin surface was performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Statistical Analysis: The color (variable Δ E) was assessed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and additionally with Tukey's and Dunnett's tests, the roughness values were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn's, and Mann–Whitney's tests. Data on gloss and KHN were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: Among the physical properties evaluated, CP + carbopol promoted a reduction in composite microhardness only, thus differing statistically from the controls. As for CP + natrosol, such a change was not observed. The aging process reduced all the physical properties, thus differing statistically from the nonaging group. CP + carbopol increased the roughness and decreased the gloss of aged resins, whereas natrosol reduced gloss only, which differed statistically from the controls. Conclusions: AFM showed evidence of the loss of organic matrix and exposure to load particles in the aged samples. Therefore, the replacement of carbopol with natrosol provided maintenance of the composite microhardness following bleaching. The aging process reduced the physical properties evaluated, and some changes were enhanced by the application of bleaching.

• REFERENCES

• 1 Ferracane JL. Resin composite – State of the art. Dent Mater 2011; 27: 29-38
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 2 Varanda E, Do Prado M, Simão RA, Dias KR. Effect of in-office bleaching agents on the surface roughness and morphology of different dental composites: An AFM study. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76: 481-5
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 3 de Andrade IC, Basting RT, Rodrigues JA, do Amaral FL, Turssi CP, França FM. Microhardness and color monitoring of nanofilled resin composite after bleaching and staining. Eur J Dent 2014; 8: 160-5
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 4 Gurbuz A, Ozkan P, Yilmaz K, Yilmaz B, Durkan R. Effect of at-home whitening strips on the surface roughness and color of a composite and an ormocer restorative material. J Prosthodont 2013; 22: 69-73
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 5 Mendes AP, Barceleiro MdeO, dos Reis RS, Bonato LL, Dias KR. Changes in surface roughness and color stability of two composites caused by different bleaching agents. Braz Dent J 2012; 23: 659-66
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 6 Torres CR, Ribeiro CF, Bresciani E, Borges AB. Influence of hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels on color, opacity, and fluorescence of composite resins. Oper Dent 2012; 37: 526-31
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 7 Hafez R, Ahmed D, Yousry M, El-Badrawy W, El-Mowafy O. Effect of in-office bleaching on color and surface roughness of composite restoratives. Eur J Dent 2010; 4: 118-27
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 8 Attin T, Hannig C, Wiegand A, Attin R. Effect of bleaching on restorative materials and restorations – A systematic review. Dent Mater 2004; 20: 852-61
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 9 Wattanapayungkul P, Yap AU, Chooi KW, Lee MF, Selamat RS, Zhou RD. The effect of home bleaching agents on the surface roughness of tooth-colored restoratives with time. Oper Dent 2004; 29: 398-403
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 10 Wang L, Francisconi LF, Atta MT, Dos Santos JR, Del Padre NC, Gonini Jr. A. et al. Effect of bleaching gels on surface roughness of nanofilled composite resins. Eur J Dent 2011; 5: 173-9
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 11 Oliveira GP, Toyoshim AE, Soldani P, Bueno AL, Cassoni A, Amaral C. et al. Effect of the thickener agent carbopol on dental enamel surface in the at-home dental bleaching. Rev Odontol UNESP 2007; 36: 113-9
  Google Scholar
• 12 Soares JC, Silva NR, Quagliatto PS, Campos RE. Tooth bleaching clinical evaluation with industrialized and drugstore manipulated carbamide peroxide gel. Rev Odontol UNESP 2006; 35: 69-74
  Google Scholar
• 13 Lima DA, De Alexandre RS, Martins AC, Aguiar FH, Ambrosano GM, Lovadino JR. Effect of curing lights and bleaching agents on physical properties of a hybrid composite resin. J Esthet Restor Dent 2008; 20: 266-73
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 14 ASTM. ASTM Standards G154-00a. Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Non-metallic Materials. Vol. 14. West Conshohocken (PA): Annual Book of ASTM Standards; 2006: 646-54
  Google Scholar
• 15 Wu W, McKinney JE. Influence of chemicals on wear of dental composites. J Dent Res 1982; 61: 1180-3
  Google Scholar
• 16 Ferracane JL. Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks. Dent Mater 2006; 22: 211-22
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 17 Wennerberg A, Ohlsson R, Rosén BG, Andersson B. Characterizing three-dimensional topography of engineering and biomaterial surfaces by confocal laser scanning and stylus techniques. Med Eng Phys 1996; 18: 548-56
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 18 Botta AC, Duarte Jr S, Paulin FilhoPI, Gheno SM. Effect of dental finishing instruments on the surface roughness of composite resins as elucidated by atomic force microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2008; 14: 380-6
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 19 Yap AU, Lye KW, Sau CW. Surface characteristics of tooth-colored restoratives polished utilizing different polishing systems. Oper Dent 1997; 22: 260-5
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 20 Polydorou O, Hellwig E, Auschill TM. The effect of different bleaching agents on the surface texture of restorative materials. Oper Dent 2006; 31: 473-80
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 21 Barakah HM, Taher NM. Effect of polishing systems on stain susceptibility and surface roughness of nanocomposite resin material. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112: 625-31
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 22 Rattacaso RM, da Fonseca RobertiGarcia L, Aguilar FG, Consani S, de Carvalho PanzeriPires-de-Souza F. Bleaching agent action on color stability, surface roughness and microhardness of composites submitted to accelerated artificial aging. Eur J Dent 2011; 5: 143-9
  Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 23 Ardu S, Braut V, Uhac I, Benbachir N, Feilzer AJ, Krejci I. Influence of mechanical and chemical degradation on surface gloss of resin composite materials. Am J Dent 2009; 22: 264-8
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 24 Egilmez F, Ergun G, Cekic-Nagas I, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV. Estimation of the surface gloss of dental nano composites as a function of color measuring geometry. Am J Dent 2012; 25: 220-6
  PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 25 Janda R, Roulet JF, Latta M, Steffin G, Rüttermann S. Color stability of resin-based filling materials after aging when cured with plasma or halogen light. Eur J Oral Sci 2005; 113: 251-7
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 26 Wozniak WT, Moser JB, Willis E, Stanford JW. Ultraviolet light stability of composite resins. J Prosthet Dent 1985; 53: 204-9
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 27 Sarafianou A, Iosifidou S, Papadopoulos T, Eliades G. Color stability and degree of cure of direct composite restoratives after accelerated aging. Oper Dent 2007; 32: 406-11
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 28 Dlugokinski MD, Caughman WF, Rueggeberg FA. Assessing the effect of extraneous light on photoactivated resin composites. J Am Dent Assoc 1998; 129: 1103-9
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 29 Brahim D, Garcia LF, Cruvinel DR, Sousa AB, Pires-de-Souza FC. Color stability of modern composites subjected to different periods of accelerated artificial aging. J Am Dent Assoc 2012; 23: 575-80
  Google Scholar
• 30 Oliveira DC, Souza-Júnior EJ, Prieto LT, Coppini EK, Maia RR, Paulillo LA. Color stability and polymerization behavior of direct esthetic restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent 2014; 26: 288-95
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 31 Venz S, Dickens B. NIR-spectroscopic investigation of water sorption characteristics of dental resins and composites. J Biomed Mater Res 1991; 25: 1231-48
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 32 Rocha AC, Lima CS, Santos MC, Montes MA. Evaluation of surface roughness of a nanofill resin composite after simulated brushing and immersion in mouthrinses. alcohol and water. Mater Res 2010; 13: 77-80
  CrossrefGoogle Scholar
• 33 Vichi A, Ferrari M, Davidson CL. Color and opacity variations in three different resin-based composite products after water aging. Dent Mater 2009; 20: 530-4
  Google Scholar
• 34 Monaghan P, Trowbridge T, Lautenschlager E. Composite resin color change after vital tooth bleaching. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 67: 778-81
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 35 Ameye C, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. Conventional and microfilled composite resins. Part 1: Color stability and marginal adaption. J Prosthet Dent 1981; 46: 623-30
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 36 Okte Z, Villalta P, García-Godoy F, Lu H, Powers JM. Surface hardness of resin composites after staining and bleaching. Oper Dent 2006; 31: 623-8
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
• 37 Bollen CM, Lambrechts P, Quirynen M. Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention: A review of the literature. Dent Mater 1997; 13: 258-69
  CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar