Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 2011 Volume 76, Issue 11, Pages: 1471-1483
https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC110206128R
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Steroids from Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum L.): A GC-MS analysis
Radulović Niko S. (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Niš)
Đorđević Nevenka D. (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Niš)
The steroid content of Conium maculatum L. (Poison Hemlock), Apiaceae, a
well-known weed plant species, was studied herein for the first time. This
was achieved by detailed GC-MS analyses of twenty two samples
(dichloromethane extracts of different plant organs of C. maculatum at three
or four different stages of phenological development, collected from three
locations). In total, twenty four different steroids were identified. Six
steroids had an ergostane nucleus while the other ones possessed a
stigmastane carbon framework. The identity of these compounds was determined
by spectral means (MS fragmentation), GC co-injections with authentic
standards and chemical transformation (silylation). Steroid compounds were
noted to be the main chemical constituents of root extracts (up to 70 %) of
this plant species in the last phase of development. The predominant ones
were stigmasta-5,22- dien-3β-ol (stigmasterol) and stigmasta-5-en-3β-ol
(β-sitosterol). In an attempt to classify the samples, principal component
analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were performed
using steroid percentages as variables.
Keywords: Conium maculatum L., Apiaceae, GC-MS analyses, steroids, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol