Relationships Between Cranial Base Synchondroses and Craniofacial Development: A Review
Teddy Cendekiawan, Ricky W.K Wong*, A. Bakr M RabieBiomedical and Tissue Engineering Research Group, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
Abstract
Synchondrosis is defined as the development of a union between two bones by the formation of either hyaline cartilage or fibro-cartilage. This paper reviews the relationship between cranial base synchondroses and craniofacial development. The cranial base synchondroses are important growth centers of the craniofacial skeleton. Their abnormalities lead to numerous growth and developmental conditions in the craniofacial region. In dentofacial orthopedics, mechanical forces are commonly applied to cranial bones for growth modification to treat such conditions. Molecular biology and genetics provide tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms, genes and transcription factors responsible for synchondrosis and craniofacial development.
Keywords: Synchondrosis, craniofacial growth.
Article Information
Article History:
Received Date: 25/9/2009
Revision Received Date: 29/10/2009
Acceptance Date: 3/1/2010
Electronic publication date: 22/4/2010
Collection year: 2010
© Cendekiawan et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.
open-access license: This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
* Address correspondence to this author at the 2/F, Orthodontics, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong; Tel: 852-28590554; Fax: 852-25593803; E-mail: fyoung@hkucc.hku.hk
Open Peer Review Details |
Manuscript submitted on 25-9-2009 |
Original Manuscript |
Relationships Between Cranial Base Synchondroses and Craniofacial Development: A Review |