Three new lignans, (+)-fraxiresinol [(1S, 2R, 5R, 6S)-1-hydroxy-2-(3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3, 7-dioxabicyclo [3.3.0] octane] (3), (+)-1-hydroxysyringaresinol (4) and (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol-4'-β-D-glucoside (8), and five known lignans, (+)-pinoresinol (1), (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol (2), (-)-olivil (5), (+)-cyclo-olivil (6) and (+)-pinoresinol-β-D-glucoside (7), were isolated from the bark of Fraxinus mandshurica RUPR. var. japonica MAXIM and the bark of F. japonica BLUME (Oleaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.