Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2015; 19(02): 121-129
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547518
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Peripheral Neuropathy: Surgical Approaches Simplified for the Imagers

Dennis S. Kao
1   Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
,
Jonathan Cheng
1   Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
12 March 2015 (online)

Abstract

Peripheral nerves traverse through different soft tissue compartments in the upper and lower extremities via specific anatomical tunnels, where they are susceptible to entrapment. Common sites in the upper extremity include carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel and radial tunnel. Common sites in the lower extremity include piriformis, fibular neck, and tarsal tunnel. Compressive peripheral neuropathy can develop in these sites, and are amenable for surgical decompression.

 
  • References

  • 1 Sanders RJ. Results of the surgical treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 8 (2) 221-228
  • 2 Trumble TE, Diao E, Abrams RA, Gilbert-Anderson MM. Single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release compared with open release: a prospective, randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002; 84-A (7) 1107-1115
  • 3 Rowland EB, Kleinert JM. Endoscopic carpal-tunnel release in cadavera. An investigation of the results of twelve surgeons with this training model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994; 76 (2) 266-268
  • 4 Lee DH, Masear VR, Meyer RD, Stevens DM, Colgin S. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release: a cadaveric study. J Hand Surg Am 1992; 17 (6) 1003-1008
  • 5 Van Heest A, Waters P, Simmons B, Schwartz JT. A cadaveric study of the single-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release. J Hand Surg Am 1995; 20 (3) 363-366
  • 6 Dellon AL. Musculotendinous variations about the medial humeral epicondyle. J Hand Surg [Br] 1986; 11 (2) 175-181
  • 7 Masear VR, Hill Jr JJ, Cohen SM. Ulnar compression neuropathy secondary to the anconeus epitrochlearis muscle. J Hand Surg Am 1988; 13 (5) 720-724
  • 8 Macadam SA, Gandhi R, Bezuhly M, Lefaivre KA. Simple decompression versus anterior subcutaneous and submuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve for cubital tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Hand Surg Am 2008; 33 (8) 1314 e1-12
  • 9 Dellon AL. Partial dorsal wrist denervation: resection of the distal posterior interosseous nerve. J Hand Surg Am 1985; 10 (4) 527-533
  • 10 Hagert E, Garcia-Elias M, Forsgren S, Ljung BO. Immunohistochemical analysis of wrist ligament innervation in relation to their structural composition. J Hand Surg Am 2007; 32 (1) 30-36
  • 11 Hall HC, MacKinnon SE, Gilbert RW. An approach to the posterior interosseous nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg 1984; 74 (3) 435-437
  • 12 Fishman LM, Zybert PA. Electrophysiologic evidence of piriformis syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 73 (4) 359-364
  • 13 Fishman LM, Dombi GW, Michaelsen C , et al. Piriformis syndrome: diagnosis, treatment, and outcome—a 10-year study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83 (3) 295-301
  • 14 Jankiewicz JJ, Hennrikus WL, Houkom JA. The appearance of the piriformis muscle syndrome in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. A case report and review of the literature. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1991; 262 (262) 205-209
  • 15 Filler AG, Haynes J, Jordan SE , et al. Sciatica of nondisc origin and piriformis syndrome: diagnosis by magnetic resonance neurography and interventional magnetic resonance imaging with outcome study of resulting treatment. J Neurosurg Spine 2005; 2 (2) 99-115
  • 16 Gillenwater J, Cheng J, Mackinnon SE. Evaluation of the scratch collapse test in peroneal nerve compression. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 128 (4) 933-939
  • 17 Cheng CJ, Mackinnon-Patterson B, Beck JL, Mackinnon SE. Scratch collapse test for evaluation of carpal and cubital tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg Am 2008; 33 (9) 1518-1524
  • 18 Hagert E. Clinical diagnosis and wide-awake surgical treatment of proximal median nerve entrapment at the elbow: a prospective study. Hand (NY) 2013; 8 (1) 41-46
  • 19 Natsis K, Totlis T, Konstantinidis GA, Paraskevas G, Piagkou M, Koebke J. Anatomical variations between the sciatic nerve and the piriformis muscle: a contribution to surgical anatomy in piriformis syndrome. Surg Radiol Anat 2014; 36 (3) 273-280
  • 20 Michel F, Decavel P, Toussirot E , et al. Piriformis muscle syndrome: diagnostic criteria and treatment of a monocentric series of 250 patients. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 56 (5) 371-383
  • 21 Fishman LM, Anderson C, Rosner B. BOTOX and physical therapy in the treatment of piriformis syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 81 (12) 936-942
  • 22 Gagnon AR, Blondeel PN. Superior gluteal artery perforator flap. Semin Plast Surg 2006; 20 (2) 79-88
  • 23 Dawson DH, Hallett M, Wilborn AJ. Entrapment Neuropathies. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven; 1999
  • 24 Oh SJ. Diseases of the nerves in the pelvic girdle and lower limbs. In: Kimura J, , ed. Peripheral Nerve Diseases. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2006: 859-892
  • 25 Humphreys DB, Novak CB, Mackinnon SE. Patient outcome after common peroneal nerve decompression. J Neurosurg 2007; 107 (2) 314-318
  • 26 Upton AR, McComas AJ. The double crush in nerve entrapment syndromes. Lancet 1973; 2 (7825) 359-362
  • 27 Katirji MB, Wilbourn AJ. Common peroneal mononeuropathy: a clinical and electrophysiologic study of 116 lesions. Neurology 1988; 38 (11) 1723-1728
  • 28 Sourkes M, Stewart JD. Common peroneal neuropathy: a study of selective motor and sensory involvement. Neurology 1991; 41 (7) 1029-1033
  • 29 Sunderland S. The relative susceptibility to injury of the medial and lateral popliteal divisions of the sciatic nerve. Br J Surg 1953; 41 (167) 300-302
  • 30 Spinner RJ, Atkinson JL, Tiel RL. Peroneal intraneural ganglia: the importance of the articular branch. A unifying theory. J Neurosurg 2003; 99 (2) 330-343
  • 31 Spinner RJ, Desy NM, Rock MG, Amrami KK. Peroneal intraneural ganglia. Part I. Techniques for successful diagnosis and treatment. Neurosurg Focus 2007; 22 (6) E16
  • 32 Spinner RJ, Desy NM, Rock MG, Amrami KK. Peroneal intraneural ganglia. Part II. Lessons learned and pitfalls to avoid for successful diagnosis and treatment. Neurosurg Focus 2007; 22 (6) E27
  • 33 Dellon AL. The four medial ankle tunnels: a critical review of perceptions of tarsal tunnel syndrome and neuropathy. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2008; 19 (4) 629-648 , vii
  • 34 Dellon AL, Muse VL, Scott ND , et al. A positive Tinel sign as predictor of pain relief or sensory recovery after decompression of chronic tibial nerve compression in patients with diabetic neuropathy. J Reconstr Microsurg 2012; 28 (4) 235-240
  • 35 Williams EH, Williams CG, Rosson GD, Dellon LA. Anatomic site for proximal tibial nerve compression: a cadaver study. Ann Plast Surg 2009; 62 (3) 322-325
  • 36 Williams EH, Rosson GD, Hagan RR, Hashemi SS, Dellon AL. Soleal sling syndrome (proximal tibial nerve compression): results of surgical decompression. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 129 (2) 454-462
  • 37 Chhabra A, Williams EH, Subhawong TK , et al. MR neurography findings of soleal sling entrapment. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196 (3) W290-W297
  • 38 Ducic I, Felder III JM. Tibial nerve decompression: reliable exposure using shorter incisions. Microsurgery 2012; 32 (7) 533-538
  • 39 Botte MJ, von Schroeder HP, Abrams RA, Gellman H. Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome. Hand Clin 1996; 12 (4) 731-743
  • 40 Mackinnon SE, Novak CB. Operative findings in reoperation of patients with cubital tunnel syndrome. Hand (NY) 2007; 2 (3) 137-143