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Cryptic species within Anopheles longipalpis from southern Africa and phylogenetic comparison with members of the An. funestus group

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2008

L.L. Koekemoer ,
E.A. Misiani ,
R.H. Hunt ,
R.J. Kent ,
D.E. Norris  and
M. Coetzee
L.L. Koekemoer*
Affiliation:
Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private bag X 4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa Division of Virology and Communicable Disease Surveillance, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
E.A. Misiani
Affiliation:
Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private bag X 4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa Division of Virology and Communicable Disease Surveillance, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
R.H. Hunt
Affiliation:
Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private bag X 4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
R.J. Kent
Affiliation:
The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
D.E. Norris
Affiliation:
The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
M. Coetzee
Affiliation:
Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, NHLS, Private bag X 4, Sandringham, 2131, South Africa Division of Virology and Communicable Disease Surveillance, School of Pathology of the National Health Laboratory Service and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +27-11-386 6481 E-mail: lizettek@nicd.ac.za
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Abstract

House-resting Anopheles mosquitoes are targeted for vector control interventions; however, without proper species identification, the importance of these Anopheles to malaria transmission is unknown. Anopheles longipalpis, a non-vector species, has been found in significant numbers resting indoors in houses in southern Zambia, potentially impacting on the utilization of scarce resources for vector control. The identification of An. longipalpis is currently based on classical morphology using minor characteristics in the adult stage and major ones in the larval stage. The close similarity to the major malaria vector An. funestus led to investigations into the development of a molecular assay for identification of An. longipalpis. Molecular analysis of An. longipalpis from South Africa and Zambia revealed marked differences in size and nucleotide sequence in the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA between these two populations, leading to the conclusion that more than one species was being analysed. Phylogenetic analysis showed the Zambian samples aligned with An. funestus, An. vaneedeni and An. parensis, whereas the South African sample aligned with An. leesoni, a species that is considered to be more closely related to the Asian An. minimus subgroup than to the African An. funestus subgroup. Species-specific primers were designed to be used in a multiplex PCR assay to distinguish between these two cryptic species and members of the An. funestus subgroup for which there is already a multiplex PCR assay.

Keywords

Anopheles longipalpisAnopheles funestusSouth AfricaZambiainternal transcribed spacer (ITS2)PCRphylogenetics
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 99 , Issue 1 , February 2009 , pp. 41 - 49
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

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