Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-26T13:31:13.443Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 3 - Cardiovascular changes in normal pregnancy

from Section 2 - Antenatal Care: General Considerations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2016

By
Mark Johnson  and
Katherine von Klemperer
Edited by
Philip J. Steer  and
Michael A. Gatzoulis
Philip J. Steer
Affiliation:
Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London
Michael A. Gatzoulis
Affiliation:
Royal Brompton Hospital, London
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Heart Disease and Pregnancy , pp. 19 - 28
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Macdonald, A. The Bearings of Chronic Disease of the Heart Upon Pregnancy, Parturition, and Childbed, London: J&A Churchill; 1878.Google Scholar
Clapp, JF 3rd, Seaward, BL, Sleamaker, RH, Hiser, J. Maternal physiologic adaptations to early human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;159(6):1456–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Capeless, EL, Clapp, JF. Cardiovascular changes in early phase of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161(6 Pt 1):1449–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jauniaux, E, Johnson, MR, Jurkovic, D, Ramsay, B, Campbell, S, Meuris, S. The role of relaxin in the development of the uteroplacental circulation in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1994;84(3):338–42.Google ScholarPubMed
McGuane, JT, Debrah, JE, Debrah, DO, et al. Role of relaxin in maternal systemic and renal vascular adaptations during gestation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009;1160:304–12.Google Scholar
Paller, MS. Mechanisms of decreased pressor responsiveness to ANG II, NE and vasopressin in pregnant rats. Am J Physiol 1984;247:H100–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Podjarney, E, Mandelbaum, A, Bernheim, J. Does nitric-oxide play a role in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension? Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994;9:1527–40.Google Scholar
Myatt, L, Brewer, A, Brockman, DE. The action of nitric oxide in the perfused human fetal-placental circulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:687–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valensise, H, Novelli, GP, Vasapollo, B, Borzi, M, Arduini, D, Galante, A, et al. Maternal cardiac systolic and diastolic function: Relationship with uteroplacental resistances. A Doppler and echocardiographic longitudinal study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000;15:487–97.Google Scholar
Duvekot, JJ, Cheriex, EC, Pieters, FA, et al. Early pregnancy changes in hemodynamics and volume homeostasis are consecutive adjustments triggered by a primary fall in systemic vascular tone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:1382–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robson, SC, Hunter, S, Boys, RJ, Dunlop, W. Serial study of factors influencing changes in cardiac output during human pregnancy. Am J Physiol 1989;256:H1060–5.Google Scholar
Mabie, WC, DiSessa, TG, Crocker, LG, Sibai, BM, Arheart, KL. A longitudinal study of cardiac output in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;170:849–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, E, Wood, C, Keller-Wood, M. The normal increase in adrenal secretion during pregnancy contributes to maternal volume expansion and fetal homeostasis. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2002;9:362–71.Google Scholar
Longo, LD. Maternal blood volume and cardiac output during pregnancy: A hypothesis of endocrinologic control. Am J Physiol 1983;245:R720–9.Google Scholar
Crane, MG, Harris, JJ. Plasma rennin activity and aldosterone excretion rate in normal subjects. II. Effect of oral contraceptive agents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1969;29:558–62.Google Scholar
Lund, CJ, Donovan, JC. Blood volume during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1967;98:393–403.Google Scholar
Ueland, K. Maternal cardiovascular dynamics. VII. Intrapartum blood volume changes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;126:671–7.Google Scholar
Jansen, AJ, van Rhenen, DJ, Steegers, EA, Duvekot, JJ. Postpartum hemorrhage and transfusion of blood and blood components. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2005;60(10):663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rovinsky, JJ, Jaffin, H. Cardiovascular hemodynamics in pregnancy. I. Blood and plasma volumes in multiple pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965;93:1–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robson, SC, Hunter, S, Boys, RJ, Dunlop, W. Hemodynamic changes during twin pregnancy. A Doppler and M-mode echocardiographic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989 Nov;161(5):1273–8.Google Scholar
Pieters, LLH, Verkeste, CM, Saxena, PR, et al. Relationship between maternal hemodynamics and hematocrit and hemodynamic effects of isovolemic hemodilution and hemoconcentration in the awake late-pregnant guinea pig. Pediatr Res 21:584, 1987.Google Scholar
Sala, C, Campise, M, Ambroso, G, et al. Atrial natriuretic peptide and hemodynamic changes during normal human pregnancy. Hypertension 1995;25:631–6.Google Scholar
Chapman, AB, Abraham, WT, Zamudio, S, et al. Temporal relationships between hormonal and hemodynamic changes in early human pregnancy. Kidney Int 1998;54:2056–63.Google Scholar
Lowe, SA, Macdonald, GJ, Brown, MA. Regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide in pregnancy: Response to posture. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991 165:591–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davison, JM. Kidney function in pregnant women. Am J Kidney Dis 1987:9:248–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quinn, J, Von Klemperer, K, Brooks, R, Peebles, D, Walker, F, Cohen, H. Use of high intensity adjusted dose low molecular weight heparin in women with mechanical heart valves during pregnancy: A single-center experience. Haematologica 2009;94(11):1608–12.Google Scholar
Shotan, A, Ostrzega, E, Mehra, A, et al. Incidence of arrhythmias in normal pregnancy and relation to palpitations, dizziness, and syncope. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:1061–4.Google Scholar
Gowda, R M, Khan, I A, Mehta, N J, et al. Cardiac arrhythmias in pregnancy: Clinical and therapeutic considerations. Int J Cardiol 2003;88:129–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bamfo, JE, Kametas, NA, Nicolaides, KH, Chambers, JB. Maternal left ventricular diastolic and systolic long-axis function during normal pregnancy. Eur J Echocardiogr 2007;8:360–68.Google Scholar
De Paco, C, Kametas, N, Rencoret, G, et al. Maternal cardiac output between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation in the prediction of preeclampsia and small for gestational age. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:292–300.Google Scholar
Duvecot, J, Peeters, L. Very early changes in cardiovascular physiology. In: Chamberlain, G, Broughton-Pipkin, F, eds. Clinical physiology in obstetrics, 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science; 1998. pp. 3–32.Google Scholar
Atkins, AFJ, Watt, JM, Milan, P, Davies, P, Crawford, JS. A longitudinal study of cardiovascular dynamic changes throughout pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Reprod Biol 1981;12:215–24.Google ScholarPubMed
Katz, R, Karliner, JS, Resnik, R. Effects of a natural volume overload state (pregnancy) on left ventricular performance in normal human subjects. Circulation 1978;5:434–41.Google Scholar
Veille, JC, Morton, MJ, Burry, KJ. Maternal cardiovascular adaptations to twin pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;153:261–3.Google Scholar
Bosio, PM, McKenna, PJ, Conroy, R, O’Herlihy, C. Maternal central hemodynamics in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94(6):978–84.Google Scholar
Kametas, NA, McAuliffe, F, Cook, B, Nicolaides, KH, Chambers, J. Maternal left ventricular transverse and long-axis systolic function during pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;18:467–74.Google Scholar
Desai, DK, Moodley, J, Naidoo, DP. Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular hemodynamics in normal pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:20–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Oppen, AC, Stigter, RH, Bruinse, HW. Cardiac output in normal pregnancy: A critical review. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:310–18.Google Scholar
Bamfo, JE, Kametas, NA, Turan, O, Khaw, A, Nicolaides, KH. Maternal cardiac function in fetal growth restriction. BJOG 2006;113(7):784–91.Google Scholar
Estensen, ME, Beitnes, J, Grindheim, G, et al. Altered left ventricular contractility and function during normal pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013;41:659–66.Google Scholar
Savu, O, Jurcut, R, Giusca, S, et al. Morphological and functional adaptation of the maternal heart during pregnancy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;5:289–97.Google Scholar
Mesa, A, Jessurun, C, Hernandez, A, et al. Left ventricular diastolic function in normal human pregnancy. Circulation 1999;99:511–17.Google Scholar
Geva, T, Mauer, MB, Striker, L, Kirshon, B, Pivarnik, JM. Effects of physiologic load of pregnancy on left ventricular contractility and remodeling. Am Heart J 1997;133:53–9.Google Scholar
Gilson, GJ, Samaan, S, Crawford, MH, et al. Changes in hemodynamics, ventricular remodeling, and ventricular contractility during normal pregnancy: A longitudinal study. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:957–62.Google Scholar
Capeless, EL, Clapp, JF. When do cardiovascular parameters return to their preconceptional values? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165:683–6.Google Scholar
Rossi, A, Cornette, J, Johnson, MR, et al. Quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pregnant women: Cross-sectional analysis of physiological parameters throughout pregnancy and the impact of the supine position. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011;13:31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duvekot, JJ1, Peeters, LL. Maternal cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1994;49(12 Suppl):S1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lang, RM, Bierig, M, Devereux, RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005;18:1440–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simmons, LA, Gillin, AG, Jeremy, RW. Structural and functional changes in left ventricle during normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002;283:H1627–33.Google Scholar
Ducas, RA, Elliott, JE, Melnyk, SF, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pregnancy: Insights from the cardiac hemodynamic imaging and remodeling in pregnancy (CHIRP) study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014;16(1):1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, SL, Cotton, DB, Lee, W, et al. Central hemodynamic assessment of normal term pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:1439–42.Google Scholar
Adduljabbar, HS, Marzouki, KM, Zawawi, TH, Kahn, AS. Pericardial effusion in normal pregnant women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1991;70:291–4.Google Scholar
Campos, O. Doppler echocardiography during pregnancy: physiological and abnormal findings. Echocardiography 1996;13:135–46.Google Scholar
Zentner, D, du Plessis, M, Brennecke, S, et al. Deterioration in cardiac systolic and diastolic function late in normal human pregnancy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009;116:599–606.Google Scholar
Robson, SC, Dunlop, W, Boys, RJ, et al. Cardiac output during labour. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987;295:1169–72.Google Scholar
Lee, W, Rokey, R, Miller J, Cotton, DB Maternal hemodynamics effects of uterine contractions by M-mode and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:974–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ueland, K, Hansen, JM. Maternal cardiovascular dynamics. 3. Labour and delivery under local and caudal analgesia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1969;103:8–18.Google Scholar
Bonica, JJ, McDonald, JS. Principles and Practice of Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia, 2nd edn. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1994.Google Scholar
Adams, JG, Alexander, AM. Alterations in cardiovascular physiology during labor. Obstet Gynecol 1958;12:542–9.Google Scholar
Söhnchen, N1, Melzer, K, Tejada, BM, et al. Maternal heart rate changes during labour. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011;158(2):173–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pouta, AM, Raasanen, JP, Airaksinen, KEJ, et al. Changes in maternal heart dimensions and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels in the early puerperium of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. BJOG 1996;103(10):988–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robson, SC, Hunter, S, Moore, M, Dunlop, W. Haemodynamic changes during the puerperium: A Doppler and M-mode echocardiographic study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987;94:1028–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clapp, JF III, Capeless, E. Cardiovascular function before, during and after the first and subsequent pregnancies. Am J Cardiol 1997;80:1469–73.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×