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International Journal of Clinical Oncology OnlineFirst articles

Survival and prognostic factors in vaginal cancer: an analysis of 2016–2020 nationwide data

  • Open Access
  • Cancer Statistics

Vaginal cancer is a rare malignant disease, approximately accounting for 1%–3% of all gynecologic malignancies [ 1 ]. The dataset indicated that in the USA, an estimated 8070 new cases of vaginal and other genital cancers would be diagnosed in …

PMDA regulatory update on approval and revision of the precautions for use of anticancer drugs in Japan; trastuzumab deruxtecan for solid tumors, talazoparib for prostate cancer, sacituzumab govitecan for breast cancer, darolutamide for salivary gland cancer, risovalisib for ovarian cancer, and mosunetuzumab plus polatuzumab vedotin for lymphoma

  • PMDA Regulatory Update

Following review by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), the following anticancer drugs were approved in Japan on March 23, 2026 [ 1 ]: a) Trastuzumab deruxtecan (HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate) Indication: HER2-positive …

Prevalence and clinicopathologic features of mismatch repair–deficient endometrial cancer in Japanese patients younger than 50 years: a single-center prospective observational study

  • Original Article

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder caused by germline pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes such as MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 , and PMS2 . Carriers of germline pathogenic variants in these causative genes have a …

Trends and current status in anticancer therapy for older patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Japan, 2016–2021

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, treatment advances have increased the number of individuals who have been cured or are living in remission. This trend is also evident in older adults, for whom rising comorbidities accompany …

Visceral adipose tissue-to-blood pool standardized uptake ratio by 18F-FDG–PET/CT predicts malnutrition and poor prognosis in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis and a reported 5-year overall survival rate of < 50% [ 1 ]. The association between cholangiocarcinoma and body composition, especially obesity, has gained interest. In general, excessive …

A new preoperative scoring system to predict overall survival in patients undergoing surgical removal of brain metastasis

Brain metastasis (BM) represents the most frequent intracranial malignant tumors in adults. Despite remarkable advances in systemic therapies and radiation techniques, surgical removal of BM continues to play an essential role in the management of …

Secondary primary tumors following iodine-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide and in Japan [ 1 , 2 ]. Definitive treatment modalities for localized PCa, including active surveillance, surgical intervention, and radiation therapy (RT), have …

Conversion surgical after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy achieves survival comparable to initially resectable disease in borderline resectable esophageal cancer

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent malignancy that poses a significant threat to global health [ 1 , 2 ]. In China and some Western countries, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NRCT) is considered the standard treatment for …

Impact of prior PARP inhibitor exposure on the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis

Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage [ 1 , 2 ], with poor 5-year survival rates of 54% and 37% for stages III and IV, respectively [ 3 ]. The initial treatment of advanced ovarian cancer involves either maximal cytoreductive …

Prognostic value of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score and Prognostic Nutritional Index in prostate cancer treated with cabazitaxel

Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men, with 1.5 million new cases and an estimated 397,000 deaths worldwide in 2022 [ 1 ]. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) …

A multinational pilot survey of clinical practice patterns in tumor-specific mesocolic excision and complete lymph node dissection for colorectal cancer

Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of curative treatment for colorectal cancer. Two main frameworks currently define oncologic resection and lymph node dissection (LND) quality: complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular …

Limited reliability of H3K27M detection using a commercially available blood-based comprehensive genomic profiling test in patients with diffuse midline gliomas: analysis of the nationwide C-CAT database in Japan

Diffuse midline glioma with the H3K27M mutation was introduced as a distinct entity in the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System [ 1 ]. In general, diffuse midline gliomas are typically located in the …

The clinical application value of body composition in predicting the prognosis of rectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in China and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths [ 1 ]. Surgery is the most frequently employed treatment for CRC, and in recent years, the 5 year survival rate of CRC patients …

Trends in the management and prognosis of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors: analysis of 12,766 cases from the JSOG Gynecologic Tumor Registry (2004–2018)

In addition to bilateral adnexal resection, total hysterectomy, and omentectomy for malignant ovarian tumors, pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection, ascitic (peritoneal) cytology, and intraperitoneal exploration are performed to determine …

Head and neck cancer of unknown primary: a nationwide analysis of hospital-based cancer registry data in Japan, 2018–2022

Cancers of unknown primary (CUPs) comprise metastatic cancers whose origin cannot be identified despite standard diagnostic work-ups [ 1 ]. They account for 2–5% of new cancers globally [ 2 ], with adenocarcinoma being the most common histological …

Clinical characteristics of newly detected pharyngo-laryngeal lesions during transoral endoscopic surgery

Recent advances in endoscopic imaging technologies, including narrow-band imaging (NBI) [ 1 – 4 ], together with the increasing tendency for gastrointestinal endoscopists to routinely observe the pharyngo-laryngeal region during examinations [ 5 – …

Development and validation of a predictive model for pleural effusion control following talc pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication observed in approximately 15% patients with advanced malignancies [ 1 ]. MPE leads to progressive dyspnea due to fluid accumulation in the pleural space, resulting in significant …

A paradigm shift in genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer: the impact of germline multigene panel testing on diagnosis and management

Hereditary colorectal cancer (HCRC), arising from pathogenic germline variants, accounts for 5–10% of all CRCs. The widespread clinical adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multigene panel testing (MGPT) has fundamentally transformed …

Artificial intelligence for diagnosis and triage in oral cancer: a clinician‑centered narrative review

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for the vast majority of oral malignancies and remains a major global health burden. Outcomes are tightly linked to stage at diagnosis; delays at the level of patient presentation and health-system …