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01-02-2025 | Influenza | Review

Next-generation vaccines for influenza B virus: advancements and challenges

Authors: Muhammad Awais Ashraf, Muhammad Asif Raza, Azka Imran, Muhammad Nabeel Amjad

Published in: Archives of Virology | Issue 2/2025

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Abstract

To battle seasonal outbreaks of influenza B virus infection, which continue to pose a major threat to world health, new and improved vaccines are urgently needed. In this article, we discuss the current state of next-generation influenza B vaccine development, including both advancements and challenges. This review covers the shortcomings of existing influenza vaccines and stresses the need for more-effective and broadly protective vaccines and more-easily scalable manufacturing processes. New possibilities for vaccine development have emerged due to recent technical developments such as virus-like particle (VLP) platforms, recombinant DNA technologies, and reverse genetics. By using these methods, vaccines can be developed that elicit stronger and longer-lasting immune responses against various strains of influenza B virus. Vaccines may be more effective and immunogenic when adjuvants and new delivery mechanisms are used. Progress has been made in the development of influenza B vaccine mRNA vaccines, nanoparticle-based vaccines, and vector-based vaccines. However, there are still several obstacles to overcome before next-generation influenza B vaccines can be widely used, including the challenge of antigenic drift, the extinction of the B/Yamagata lineage, and difficulties in strain selection. There are also other challenges related to public acceptance, vaccine distribution, manufacturing complexity, and regulations. To overcome these challenges, scientists, politicians, and pharmaceutical firms must work together to expedite the development and licensing of vaccines and the establishment of immunization programs. The need for constant monitoring and quick adaptation of vaccines to match the currently circulating strains is further highlighted by the appearance of novel influenza B virus variants. To be ready for future pandemics and influenza B outbreaks, we need better vaccines and better monitoring systems.
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Metadata
Title
Next-generation vaccines for influenza B virus: advancements and challenges
Authors
Muhammad Awais Ashraf
Muhammad Asif Raza
Azka Imran
Muhammad Nabeel Amjad
Publication date
01-02-2025
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Published in
Archives of Virology / Issue 2/2025
Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Electronic ISSN: 1432-8798
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-06210-4

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