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European Journal of Pediatrics

25-07-2024 | Infantile Hemangioma | REVIEW

Infantile hemangiomas: a dermatologist’s perspective

Authors: Apoorva Sharma, Manavi Gupta, Rahul Mahajan

Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics

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Abstract

Infantile hemangioma (IH), the most common vascular tumor in pediatrics, is thought to arise from aberrant stem cell responses to stimuli such as hypoxia. This review explores the diverse manifestations, complications, and management strategies for IH, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The epidemiology and risk factors associated with IH, including connections to prematurity, low birth weight, and family background, are discussed. The intricate pathogenesis involving hemangioma stem cells, KIAA1429, hypoxia, and the renin-angiotensin system is examined. The natural history and clinical features, as well as extracutaneous involvements such as hepatic IH, PHACES syndrome, and LUMBAR syndrome, are detailed. Complications such as ulceration, functional impairment, hypothyroidism, and cosmetic concerns are highlighted. The differential diagnosis and diagnostic modalities, including colorimeters, high-frequency ultrasonography, and imaging techniques, are discussed. Management approaches, including the use of propranolol, atenolol, corticosteroids, alternative systemic treatments, topical therapy, laser therapy, and surgery, are comprehensively reviewed. The evolving landscape of IH management is underscored, with ongoing research exploring alternative treatments and individualized approaches based on IH characteristics.
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Metadata
Title
Infantile hemangiomas: a dermatologist’s perspective
Authors
Apoorva Sharma
Manavi Gupta
Rahul Mahajan
Publication date
25-07-2024
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Pediatrics
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-024-05655-8
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