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Current Diabetes Reports

A Review of the Fear of Hypoglycemia Literature in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and their Caregivers

Published in:
Authors
Kimberly A. Driscoll
Paige J. Trojanowski
Emily R. Shaffer
Hannah Manis
Alicia Pardon
Cheyenne M. Reynolds
Sara E. Wetter-Wren
Holly K. O’Donnell
Susana R. Patton
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports | Issue 1/2026

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To provide an updated review of the fear of hypoglycemia (FOH) literature published from 2016 to 2025, in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers.

Recent Findings

The Hypoglycemia Fear Surveys (HFS) are the most used questionnaires to assess FOH in studies conducted in the United States and internationally. The factor structure of the Parent and Child versions of the HFS have been updated to better reflect only maladaptive aspects of managing FOH. Diabetes technology studies routinely include the HFS to assess FOH as a secondary outcome. Only two randomized clinical trials (RCT) to reduce FOH have been conducted with youth with T1D and their caregivers.

Summary

FOH is a common psychological complication occurring in youth with T1D and their caregivers. More research is needed to update the HFS to reflect modern T1D self-management and test interventions that aim to reduce FOH in RCTs.
Title
A Review of the Fear of Hypoglycemia Literature in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and their Caregivers
Authors
Kimberly A. Driscoll
Paige J. Trojanowski
Emily R. Shaffer
Hannah Manis
Alicia Pardon
Cheyenne M. Reynolds
Sara E. Wetter-Wren
Holly K. O’Donnell
Susana R. Patton
Publication date
23-03-2026
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Diabetes Reports / Issue 1/2026
Print ISSN: 1534-4827
Electronic ISSN: 1539-0829
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-026-01620-x
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Video
Image Credits
Pediatrician speaking to an adolescent boy and his father/© bluecinema / Getty images / iStock (symbolic image with models), Woman monitoring glucose level with sensor and an app on her phone while training at swimming pool/© (M) Goffkein, stock.adobe.com (symbolic image with model)