Advertisement
Open Access 08-05-2025 | Heart Failure | Original Research
Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Diabetes Centre in India
Authors: Rajendra Pradeepa, Thyparambil Aravindakshan PramodKumar, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Saravanan Jebarani, Abdul Subhan Naziyagulnaaz, Sadasivam Ganesan, Natrajan Premanand, Abraham Oomman, Soumitra Kumar, Pathiyil Balagopalan Jayagopal, Gurpreet Singh Wander, Ajit Mullasari, Jagat Narula, Sanjay Jain, Onkar C. Swami, Viswanathan Mohan
Published in: Diabetes Therapy
Login to get accessAbstract
Introduction
The study aimed to explore the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure (HF) using echocardiography and NT-proBNP. The study also derived an NT-proBNP cut-off for diagnosing HF by echo in Asian Indians with T2D.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed using data from individuals with T2D, aged ≥ 18 years, who visited diabetes clinics in India between March 2019 and December 2023. NT-proBNP levels were quantified by chemiluminescence, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed from echo using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. Heart failure was classified based on the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the optimal NT-proBNP cut-off for diagnosing HF by echo.
Results
Among the 1189 study individuals included in the study (714 men and 475 women), 5.9% were identified as having HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 5.5% had mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and 14.1% had HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) while the rest (74.5%) had LVEF > 50%. Elevated NT-proBNP levels were observed in those with reduced ejection fraction. ROC analysis identified an optimal NT-proBNP threshold of 398 pg/mL for diagnosing HF, with 87% sensitivity and 78% specificity. HF prevalence increased with age, peaking at 30.6% in individuals aged 61–70 years. Women with HF had higher NT-proBNP levels than men.
Conclusions
In this diabetes clinic population, 11.5% of individuals with T2D had moderate to reduced LVEF. Early identification of HF using echocardiography and NT-proBNP in a diabetes clinic could help improve prognosis.
