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15-10-2024 | Heart Failure | Review

Genetic Biomarkers in Heart Failure: From Gene Panels to Polygenic Risk Scores

Authors: Marta Figueiral, Alessia Paldino, Luca Fazzini, Naveen L. Pereira

Published in: Current Heart Failure Reports | Issue 6/2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of genetic markers associated with heart failure (HF) and its underlying causative diseases, such as cardiomyopathies. It highlights the relevance of genetic biomarkers in diagnosing HF, predicting prognosis, potentially identifying its preclinical stages and identifying targets to enable the implementation of individualized medicine approaches.

Recent Findings

The prevalence of HF is increasing due to an aging population but with greater access to disease-modifying therapies. Advanced diagnostic tools such as cardiac magnetic resonance, nuclear imaging, and AI-enabled diagnostic testing are now being utilized to further characterize HF patients. Additionally, the importance of genetic testing in HF diagnosis and management is increasingly being recognized. Genetic biomarkers, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and rare genetic variants, are emerging as crucial tools for diagnosing HF substrates, determining prognosis and increasingly directing therapy. These genetic insights are key to optimizing HF management and delivering personalized treatment tailored to individual patients.

Summary

HF is a complex syndrome affecting millions globally, characterized by high mortality and significant economic burden. Understanding the underlying etiologies of HF is essential for improving management and clinical outcomes. Recent advances highlight the use of multimodal assessments, including AI-enabled diagnostics and genetic testing, to better characterize and manage HF. Genetic biomarkers are particularly promising in identifying preclinical HF stages and providing personalized treatment options. The genetic contribution to HF is heterogeneous, with both monogenic and polygenic bases playing a role. These developments underscore the shift towards personalized medicine in HF management.

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Title: Genetic Biomarkers in Heart Failure: From Gene Panels to Polygenic Risk Scores
Authors: Marta Figueiral
Alessia Paldino
Luca Fazzini
Naveen L. Pereira
Publication date: 15-10-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Heart Failure
Genetic Testing
Cardiomyopathy
Biomarkers
Atrial Fibrillation
Myocarditis
Published in: Current Heart Failure Reports / Issue 6/2024
Print ISSN: 1546-9530
Electronic ISSN: 1546-9549
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-024-00687-5

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