Patients’ knowledge influences practice via attitudes toward hyperuricaemia: a mediation analysis

Hyperuricaemia is a common metabolic disorder associated with gout and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding hyperuricaemia and to explore the mediating role of attitude in different patient subgroups.

This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2023 among patients with hyperuricaemia.

A total of 406 valid questionnaires were enrolled, including 367 (90.39%) male. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 54.34 ± 8.68 (possible range: 13—65), 23.40 ± 2.36 (possible range: 6—30), and 40.31 ± 4.92 (possible range: 10—50), respectively. Structural equation modeling demonstrated a significant direct effect of knowledge on attitude (β = 0.072, P = 0.009) and a notable direct effect of attitude on practice (β = 0.781, P = 0.015). Knowledge had a significant indirect effect on practice mediated through attitude (β = 0.056, P = 0.003). Subgroup analysis further revealed that the mediating effect of attitude was more pronounced among patients without gout symptoms, whereas behavioral engagement among symptomatic patients was primarily driven by existing attitudinal commitment.

Patients diagnosed with hyperuricaemia exhibited adequate knowledge and generally positive attitudes, which met the 70% cut-off value standard. The findings confirmed a full mediation effect, where knowledge influences practice through attitude, with this pathway being more evident among asymptomatic patients. Improving patient attitudes, especially in those without gout symptoms, should remain a key target for tailored educational and behavioral interventions to promote consistent self-management practices.