Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Anesthesiology Cardiology Dermatology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology and Hepatology General Medicine Geriatrics Hematology Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology Ophthalmology Pediatrics Psychiatry Radiology Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery Urology
Congress Coverage
ASH 2024 Annual Meeting 2024 ESMO Congress 2024 ERS Congress 2024 EASD Congress 2024 ESC Congress 2024 EAN Congress 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Podcast | Sexual health in older age

Dr Holly Thomas helps us unpack the needlessly taboo subject of sex and sexual health in women of older age.

Listen now
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
International Urology and Nephrology

Open Access 05-03-2025 | Glomerulonephritis | Nephrology – Original Paper

The global burden of chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis: trends and predictions

Authors: Xiaotong Wang, Zhaoyi Liu, Na Yi, Liguo Li, Li Ma, Linyue Yuan, Xuejiao Wang

Published in: International Urology and Nephrology

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Glomerulonephritis (GN), one of the primary causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is gaining recognition as a major public health issue. This research sought to evaluate the worldwide impact of chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis (GN-CKD) between 1990 and 2021 and to forecast trends up to 2036, leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

Methods

The analysis of GN-CKD from 1990 to 2021 utilized GBD open data as a secondary dataset to examine global prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates of GN-CKD, and the changing trends of these indicators were statistically analyzed. To assess the practical difference between each country/region and the frontier, we utilized the 2021 DALYs and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). To assist healthcare institutions in formulating more effective public health policies, the age-standardized mortality and DALYs rate until 2036 were predicted using Bayesian age–period–cohort (BAPC) modeling techniques.

Results

The global prevalence rate of GN-CKD, as indicated by the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), grew 10.81% between 1990 and 2021, with a marginal average annual change of 0.04 (AAPC0.04, 0.03–0.05). Similarly, there was an increase of 15.84% in the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) for GN-CKD during this period, with an average annual trend of 0.50 (AAPC0.50, 0.41–0.59). Moreover, the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASYR) for GN-CKD observed an upward trend of 8.60% from 1990 to 2021, with a modest average annual change of 0.27 (AAPC0.27, 0.17–0.37). Our findings indicate that the impact of GN-CKD differs across gender, geographic areas, and socioeconomic statuses. Elevated fasting plasma glucose levels, high body-mass index (BMI), and elevated systolic blood pressure were the main contributors to deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Fortunately, the burden of GN-CKD is expected to diminish by 2036.

Conclusions

The worldwide impact of GN-CKD has risen, with variations observed between genders and across SDI regions. Encouraging trends point toward a potential reduction in GN-CKD-related burden in the future.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
KDIGO (2024) Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 105(4s):S117–S314
2.
Ying M et al (2024) Disease burden and epidemiological trends of chronic kidney disease at the global, regional, national levels from 1990 to 2019. Nephron 148(2):113–123PubMedCrossRef
3.
Qing X et al (2024) Temporal trends in prevalence and disability of chronic kidney disease caused by specific etiologies: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Nephrol 37(3):723–737PubMedCrossRef
4.
5.
6.
Zoccali C et al (2023) Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 19(11):733–746PubMedCrossRef
7.
AbdElHafeez S et al (2024) Incidence and outcomes of kidney replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease due to primary glomerular disease in Europe: findings from the ERA registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant 39(9):1449–1460CrossRef
8.
Chen Z et al (2022) Prognostic analysis of crescentic glomerulonephritis with acute kidney injury: a single-center cohort with 5-year follow-up. Int Urol Nephrol 54(9):2375–2383PubMedCrossRef
9.
10.
Paul ML (2024) Renal and urinary conditions: glomerulonephritis. FP Essent 543:7–11PubMed
11.
Claudio P, Gabriella M (2023) Nephrotic syndrome: pathophysiology and consequences. J Nephrol 36(8):2179–2190PubMedCrossRef
12.
Mirioglu S et al (2017) Recurrent and de novo glomerulonephritis following renal transplantation: higher rates of rejection and lower graft survival. Int Urol Nephrol 49(12):2265–2272PubMedCrossRef
13.
14.
Hu J et al (2023) Global, regional, and national burden of CKD due to glomerulonephritis from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 18(1):60–71PubMedCrossRef
15.
Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 403(10440):2133–2161
16.
17.
Luo Z et al (2024) Temporal trends in cross-country inequalities of stroke and subtypes burden from 1990 to 2021: a secondary analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021. EClinicalMedicine 76:102829PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
He KJ et al (2024) Global burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2044: a systematic analysis across SDI levels for the global burden of disease study 2021. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 15:1501690PubMedCrossRef
19.
Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 403(10440):2162–2203
20.
Khanmohammadi S et al (2022) Burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in North Africa and Middle East countries, 1990 to 2019: results from the GBD study 2019. Front Oncol 12:1098218PubMedCrossRef
21.
Cui Y et al (2021) Trend dynamics of thyroid cancer incidence among China and the U.S. adult population from 1990 to 2017: a joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis. BMC Public Health 21(1):624PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Kuang Z et al (2024) Global, regional, and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and its risk factors from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021. EClinicalMedicine 75:102804PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Li Z et al (2024) Global, regional, and national burdens of early onset pancreatic cancer in adolescents and adults aged 15–49 years from 1990 to 2019 based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: a cross-sectional study. Int J Surg 110(4):1929–1940PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Han T et al (2024) Epidemiology of gout—Global burden of disease research from 1990 to 2019 and future trend predictions. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 15:20420188241227296PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Wang Y et al (2024) Global burden of liver cirrhosis 1990–2019 and 20 years forecast: results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Ann Med 56(1):2328521PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
26.
Chesnaye NC et al (2024) Differences in the epidemiology, management and outcomes of kidney disease in men and women. Nat Rev Nephrol 20(1):7–20PubMedCrossRef
27.
28.
29.
EftekharVaghefi SS et al (2021) Sex-related changes in circadian rhythm of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in CKD. Iran J Kidney Dis 15(5):351–363
30.
Swartling O et al (2022) Sex differences in the recognition, monitoring, and management of CKD in health care: an observational cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 33(10):1903–1914PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
Bai J et al (2023) Gender and socioeconomic disparities in global burden of chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis: a global analysis. Nephrology (Carlton) 28(3):159–167PubMedCrossRef
32.
Ekrikpo U et al (2022) Epidemiology and outcomes of glomerular diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Semin Nephrol 42(5):151316PubMedCrossRef
33.
Kalyesubula R et al (2024) The future of kidney care in low- and middle-income countries: challenges, triumphs, and opportunities. Kidney360 5(7):1047–1061PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Roberts LE et al (2024) Kidney transplantation in low- and middle-income countries: the transplant links experience. Pediatr Nephrol 39(5):1347–1353PubMedCrossRef
35.
Bamgboye EL (2003) Hemodialysis: management problems in developing countries, with Nigeria as a surrogate. Kidney Int Suppl 83:S93–S95CrossRef
36.
Ip Min Wan D, Fagoonee K (2021) Global dialysis perspective: mauritius. Kidney360 2(6):1021–1026
37.
Zakharova E et al (2021) International society of nephrology global kidney health atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Newly Independent States and Russia. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 11(2):e57–e65PubMedCrossRef
38.
Ozkan E et al (2023) Comparison of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and other primary glomerulonephrites in terms of parameters of hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome. Int Urol Nephrol 55(10):2557–2566PubMedCrossRef
39.
Demirelli B et al (2024) Non-diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients: incidence, HbA1c variability and other predictive factors, and implications. Int Urol Nephrol 56(9):3091–3100PubMedCrossRef
40.
Simeoni M et al (2021) Atherosclerotic-nephropathy: an updated narrative review. J Nephrol 34(1):125–136PubMedCrossRef
41.
Arabi T et al (2022) Obesity-related kidney disease: beyond hypertension and insulin-resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:1095211PubMedCrossRef
42.
Jimenez EY et al (2021) Medical nutrition therapy access in CKD: a cross-sectional survey of patients and providers. Kidney Med 3(1):31-41.e1PubMedCrossRef
43.
Chew NWS et al (2023) The global burden of metabolic disease: data from 2000 to 2019. Cell Metab 35(3):414-428.e3PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zhou XD et al (2024) Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. EClinicalMedicine 76:102848PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Beirão B et al (2024) C3 glomerulonephritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. J Bras Nefrol 46(4):e20240092PubMedPubMedCentral
46.
El Karoui K, Fervenza FC, De Vriese AS (2024) Treatment of IgA nephropathy: a rapidly evolving field. J Am Soc Nephrol 35(1):103–116PubMedCrossRef
47.
Mobin MB, Zafar H (2024) Advancements in immunotherapy for glomerulonephritis: promising treatments on the horizon. J Pak Med Assoc 74(5):1034PubMedCrossRef
48.
Shlipak MG et al (2021) The case for early identification and intervention of chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney Int 99(1):34–47PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
The global burden of chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis: trends and predictions
Authors
Xiaotong Wang
Zhaoyi Liu
Na Yi
Liguo Li
Li Ma
Linyue Yuan
Xuejiao Wang
Publication date
05-03-2025
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
International Urology and Nephrology
Print ISSN: 0301-1623
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2584
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-025-04440-2

Elevate your expertise in aplastic anemia (Link opens in a new window)

Transform the way you care for your patients with aplastic anemia with our 3-module series using real-world case studies and expert insights. Discover why early diagnosis matters, explore the benefits and risks of current treatments, and develop tailored approaches for complex cases. 

Supported by:
  • Pfizer
Developed by: Springer Healthcare IME
Learn more

Keynote series | Spotlight on menopause

Menopause can have a significant impact on the body, with effects ranging beyond the endocrine and reproductive systems. Learn about the systemic effects of menopause, so you can help patients in your clinics through the transition.   

Prof. Martha Hickey
Dr. Claudia Barth
Dr. Samar El Khoudary
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Watch now
Video
Image Credits