Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Anesthesiology Cardiology Dermatology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology General Medicine Geriatrics Hematology Infectious Diseases Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology Pediatrics Psychiatry Radiology Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery Urology
Congress Coverage
2024 ERS Congress 2024 EASD Congress 2024 ESC Congress 2024 EAN Congress 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

ERS Congress 2024

Keep up to date on the latest news from the annual European Respiratory Society conference.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Gingival Diseases | Research

The association of periodontal disease and oral health with hypertension, NHANES 2009–2018

Authors: Yuting Li, Xiaojing Yuan, Qiutong Zheng, Fengxin Mo, Shiheng Zhu, Tianran Shen, Wenhan Yang, Qingsong Chen

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Hypertension is a worldwide public health problem. We sought to explore the interaction of oral health and smoking on hypertension, and periodontal disease and smoking on hypertension.

Methods

We included 21,800 participants aged ≧ 30 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2018. Information of oral health and periodontal disease were self-reported. Blood pressure was taken by trained personnel and/or physicians at mobile testing center. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the association between oral health, periodontal disease and the prevalence of hypertension. The effects of oral health and periodontal disease on hypertension under smoking status and age were analyzed by stratified and interaction analysis.

Results

A total of 21,800 participants were investigated, including 11,017 (50.54%) in hypertensive group and 10,783 (49.46%) in non-hypertensive group. Compared with the excellent/very good of oral health, the multivariable-adjusted OR of good, fair, and poor were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02–1.27), 1.30 (95% CI, 1.15–1.47), and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.22–1.79) (p for trend < 0.001) for hypertension, respectively. Compared without periodontal disease group, the multivariable-adjusted OR of periodontal disease for hypertension was 1.21 (95% CI ,1.09–1.35) (p for trend < 0.001). Furthermore, we found the interactions between periodontal disease and smoking, oral health and smoking, periodontal disease and age, oral health and age were p < 0.001.

Conclusions

An association between oral health and periodontal disease with the prevalence of hypertension was identified. There exists interactive effect of periodontal disease and smoking, oral health and smoking, periodontal disease and age, oral health and age on hypertension in American population over 30 years of age and older.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Global regional et al. and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behaviournvironmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018, 392(10159):1923–1994.
2.
Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 update: a Report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(9):e139–e596.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Muntner P, Carey RM, Gidding S, Jones DW, Taler SJ, Wright JT, Whelton PK. Potential US Population Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA high blood pressure Guideline. Circulation. 2018;137(2):109–18.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Song J-J, Ma Z, Wang J, Chen L-X, Zhong J-C. Gender differences in hypertension. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2020;13(1):47–54.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Kim J, Kim HJ, Jeon J, Song T-J. Association between oral health and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension: a nationwide cohort study. J Hypertens. 2022;40(2):374–81.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Virdis A, Giannarelli C, Neves MF, Taddei S, Ghiadoni L. Cigarette smoking and hypertension. Curr Pharm Des. 2010;16(23):2518–25.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Kim N-H, Lee G-Y, Park S-K, Kim Y-J, Lee M-Y, Kim C-B. Provision of oral hygiene services as a potential method for preventing periodontal disease and control hypertension and diabetes in a community health centre in Korea. Health Soc Care Community. 2018;26(3):e378–85.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Petersen PE, The World Oral Health Report. 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century–the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2003, 31 Suppl 1.
9.
Shin H-S. Association between the number of teeth and hypertension in a study based on 13,561 participants. J Periodontol. 2018;89(4):397–406.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Rivas-Tumanyan S, Campos M, Zevallos JC, Joshipura KJ. Periodontal disease, hypertension, and blood pressure among older adults in Puerto Rico. J Periodontol. 2013;84(2):203–11.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Muñoz Aguilera E, Suvan J, Buti J, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Barbosa Ribeiro A, Orlandi M, Guzik TJ, Hingorani AD, Nart J, D’Aiuto F. Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(1):28–39.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Holmlund A, Lampa E, Lind L. Oral health and cardiovascular disease risk in a cohort of periodontitis patients. Atherosclerosis. 2017;262:101–6.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Southerland JH, Taylor GW, Moss K, Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Commonality in chronic inflammatory diseases: periodontitis, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Periodontol 2000. 2006;40:130–43.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Ambrose JA, Barua RS. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(10):1731–7.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2013;62(1):59–94.PubMedCrossRef
16.
17.
Arnson Y, Shoenfeld Y, Amital H. Effects of tobacco smoke on immunity, inflammation and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 2010;34(3):J258–65.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Serhan CN, Jain A, Marleau S, Clish C, Kantarci A, Behbehani B, Colgan SP, Stahl GL, Merched A, Petasis NA, et al. Reduced inflammation and tissue damage in transgenic rabbits overexpressing 15-lipoxygenase and endogenous anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. J Immunol. 2003;171(12):6856–65.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zhang J, Yu J, Dou J, Hu P, Guo Q. The impact of smoking on Subgingival Plaque and the development of Periodontitis: A literature review. Front Oral Health. 2021;2:751099.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
21.
Leong X-F, Ng C-Y, Badiah B, Das S. Association between hypertension and periodontitis: possible mechanisms. ScientificWorldJournal 2014, 2014:768237.
22.
Li A-l, Peng Q, Shao Y-Q, Fang X, Zhang Y-Y. The interaction on hypertension between family history and diabetes and other risk factors. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):4716.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
23.
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560–72.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Buhlin K, Gustafsson A, Andersson K, Håkansson J, Klinge B. Validity and limitations of self-reported periodontal health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002;30(6):431–7.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Slade GD, Thornton-Evans GO, Beck JD, Taylor GW, Borgnakke WS, Page RC, Genco RJ. Self-reported measures for surveillance of periodontitis. J Dent Res. 2013;92(11):1041–7.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Khader Y, Alhabashneh R, Alhersh F. Development and validation of a self-reported periodontal disease measure among Jordanians. Int Dent J. 2015;65(4):203–10.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Foster Page LA, Thomson WM, Broadbent JM. Validity of self-reported periodontal questions in a New Zealand cohort. Clin Oral Investig. 2016;20(3):563–9.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Joshipura KJ, Douglass CW, Garcia RI, Valachovic R, Willett WC. Validity of a self-reported periodontal disease measure. J Public Health Dent. 1996;56(4):205–12.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
Meisel P, Holtfreter B, Völzke H, Kocher T. Self-reported oral health predicts tooth loss after five and ten years in a population-based study. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45(10):1164–72.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Hung M, Moffat R, Gill G, Lauren E, Ruiz-Negrón B, Rosales MN, Richey J, Licari FW. Oral health as a gateway to overall health and well-being: Surveillance of the geriatric population in the United States. Spec Care Dentist. 2019;39(4):354–61.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Luo H, Wu B. Self-awareness of “Gum Disease” among US adults. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2017;23(2):e1–e7.PubMedCrossRef
32.
33.
Carra MC, Fessi S, Detzen L, Darnaud C, Julia C, Hercberg S, Touvier M, Andreeva VA, Bouchard P. Self-reported periodontal health and incident hypertension: longitudinal evidence from the NutriNet-Santé e-cohort. J Hypertens. 2021;39(12):2422–30.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Lee J-H, Oh J-Y, Youk T-M, Jeong S-N, Kim Y-T, Choi S-H. Association between periodontal disease and non-communicable diseases: a 12-year longitudinal health-examinee cohort study in South Korea. Med (Baltim). 2017;96(26):e7398.CrossRef
35.
Rivas-Tumanyan S, Spiegelman D, Curhan GC, Forman JP, Joshipura KJ. Periodontal disease and incidence of hypertension in the health professionals follow-up study. Am J Hypertens. 2012;25(7):770–6.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Tsai K-Z, Su F-Y, Cheng W-C, Huang R-Y, Lin Y-P, Lin G-M. Associations between metabolic biomarkers and localized stage II/III periodontitis in young adults: the CHIEF oral health study. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(12):1549–58.PubMedCrossRef
37.
LaMonte MJ, Hovey KM, Millen AE, Genco RJ, Wactawski-Wende J. Accuracy of self-reported periodontal disease in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. J Periodontol. 2014;85(8):1006–18.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Scheutz F, López R. Effect of smoking on Periodontitis: a systematic review and Meta-regression. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(6):831–41.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Haber J. Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis. Curr Opin Periodontol 1994:12–8.
40.
Alexandridi F, Tsantila S, Pepelassi E. Smoking cessation and response to periodontal treatment. Aust Dent J. 2018;63(2):140–9.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Tsai K-Z, Huang R-Y, Cheng W-C, Han C-L, Huang W-C, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Lin G-M. Association between Dental Calculus and Hypertension phenotypes in highly fit adults: CHIEF oral health study. Am J Hypertens. 2023;36(2):102–8.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Kolesnikova LR, Dolgih VV, Kolesnikova LI, Vlasov BY, Natyaganova LV. [The impact of arterial hypertension in children on dental decay activity]. Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2016;95(2):26–9.PubMed
43.
Digiesi V, Oliviero C, Giannò V, Rossetti M, Fiorillo C, Oradei A, Lenuzza M, Nassi P. [Reactive metabolites of oxygen, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity and vitamin E in essential arterial hypertension]. Clin Ter. 1997;148(11):515–9.PubMed
44.
Gomes MS, Blattner TC, Sant’Ana Filho M, Grecca FS, Hugo FN, Fouad AF, Reynolds MA. Can apical periodontitis modify systemic levels of inflammatory markers? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod. 2013;39(10):1205–17.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Brito LCW, DalBó S, Striechen TM, Farias JM, Olchanheski LR, Mendes RT, Vellosa JCR, Fávero GM, Sordi R, Assreuy J, et al. Experimental periodontitis promotes transient vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Arch Oral Biol. 2013;58(9):1187–98.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Khocht A, Rogers T, Janal MN, Brown M. Gingival Fluid inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension in African Americans. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2017;2(3):269–77.PubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Fiore MC. US public health service clinical practice guideline: treating tobacco use and dependence. Respir Care. 2000;45(10):1200–62.PubMed
48.
Rebelo MAB, de Castro PHD, Rebelo Vieira JM, Robinson PG, Vettore MV. Low social position, Periodontal Disease, and poor oral health-related quality of life in adults with systemic arterial hypertension. J Periodontol. 2016;87(12):1379–87.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Wang Y, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Yu L, Zhou J, Wang N, Liu T, Fu C. Associations of oral hygiene with incident hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population based cohort study in Southwest China. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2022;24(4):483–92.PubMedCrossRef
50.
51.
Pattussi MP, Peres KG, Boing AF, Peres MA, da Costa JSD. Self-rated oral health and associated factors in brazilian elders. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38(4):348–59.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
The association of periodontal disease and oral health with hypertension, NHANES 2009–2018
Authors
Yuting Li
Xiaojing Yuan
Qiutong Zheng
Fengxin Mo
Shiheng Zhu
Tianran Shen
Wenhan Yang
Qingsong Chen
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16012-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

BMC Public Health 1/2023 Go to the issue

Research

Spatiotemporal variations of “triple-demic” outbreaks of respiratory infections in the United States in the post-COVID-19 era

Research

Global Health Security amid COVID-19: Tanzanian government’s response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Research

Prevalence of internet addiction and anxiety, and factors associated with the high level of anxiety among adolescents in Hanoi, Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic

Research

Associations between mental health challenges, sexual activity, alcohol consumption, use of other psychoactive substances and use of COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic by adults in Nigeria

Research

Factors associated with awareness of breast cancer among women of reproductive age in Lesotho: a national population-based cross-sectional survey

Research

Inequalities and mental health during the Coronavirus pandemic in the UK: a mixed-methods exploration