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Open Access 03-10-2024 | Gastrointestinal Microbiota | REVIEW

The importance of gut microbiome in the perinatal period

Authors: Giulia Catassi, Sandra Garcia Mateo, Annamaria Sara Occhionero, Chiara Esposito, Valentina Giorgio, Marina Aloi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota, Gianluca Ianiro

Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 12/2024

Abstract

This narrative review describes the settlement of the neonatal microbiome during the perinatal period and its importance on human health in the long term. Delivery methods, maternal diet, antibiotic exposure, feeding practices, and early infant contact significantly shape microbial colonization, influencing the infant’s immune system, metabolism, and neurodevelopment. By summarizing two decades of research, this review highlights the microbiome’s role in disease predisposition and explores interventions like maternal vaginal seeding and probiotic and prebiotic supplementation that may influence microbiome development.

Conclusion: The perinatal period is a pivotal phase for the formation and growth of the neonatal microbiome, profoundly impacting long-term health outcomes.

What is Known::

• The perinatal period is a critical phase for the development of the neonatal microbiome, with factors such as mode of delivery, maternal diet, antibiotic exposure, and feeding practices influencing its composition and diversity, which has significant implications for long-term health.

• The neonatal microbiome plays a vital role in shaping the immune system, metabolism, and neurodevelopment of infants.

What is New:

• Recent studies have highlighted the potential of targeted interventions, such as probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, and innovative practices like maternal vaginal seeding, to optimize microbiome development during the perinatal period.

• Emerging evidence suggests that specific bacterial genera and species within the neonatal microbiome are associated with reduced risks of developing chronic conditions, indicating new avenues for promoting long-term health starting from early life.

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Title: The importance of gut microbiome in the perinatal period
Authors: Giulia Catassi
Sandra Garcia Mateo
Annamaria Sara Occhionero
Chiara Esposito
Valentina Giorgio
Marina Aloi
Antonio Gasbarrini
Giovanni Cammarota
Gianluca Ianiro
Publication date: 03-10-2024
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Keywords: Gastrointestinal Microbiota
Pediatric Gastroenterology
Prevention and Health Promotion in Pediatrics
Birth
Nutrition during Pregnancy
Infection in Pregnancy
Bacterial Infections in Pediatrics
Basics of Nutrition in Children
Neonatology
Nutrition
Respiratory Microbiota
Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics / Issue 12/2024
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-024-05795-x

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