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Lactobacillus plantarum liver abscess following ERCP: a case report and review

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Abstract

Background

Lactobacillus plantarum is a probiotic. It has a positive effect on the intestinal flora, improving intestinal barrier function and regulating immune function. At present, it is clinically used to prevent or treat a variety of diseases. However, in recent years, serious infections caused by Lactobacillus plantarum have been reported. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the main methods for managing biliary and pancreatic disorders. With the widespread application of ERCP, there are increasing reports of concurrent infections.

Case presentation

In this case, a 62-year-old female patient with pancreatic cancer developed chills and fever after undergoing ERCP and biliary stenting. She was diagnosed with a liver abscess, and the pathogenic bacterium identified was Lactobacillus plantarum, a rare instance of a probiotic causing disease.

Conclusion

This report describes the first case of a liver abscess caused by Lactobacillus plantarum following ERCP. This suggests that although Lactobacillus plantarum is a probiotic, it is risky for patients with anatomical disruptions, impaired mucosal barrier function, or immunocompromised status. Clinical applications of Lactobacillus plantarum should be treated with caution.
Title
Lactobacillus plantarum liver abscess following ERCP: a case report and review
Authors
Wenjing Ren
Yuran Wei
Guanping Lian
Chuwei Yang
Yufei Liu
Publication date
01-12-2025
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Infectious Diseases / Issue 1/2025
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2334
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11094-z
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Image Credits
Colon cancer illustration/© (M) KATERYNA KON / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images