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Current Cardiology Reports

Infection of Transcatheter Valvular Devices

  • 28-05-2024
  • Endocarditis
  • Interventional Cardiology (SR Bailey and T Helmy, Section Editors)
Published in:
Authors
Taha Hatab
Syed Zaid
Samarthkumar J. Thakkar
Rody G. Bou Chaaya
Sachin S. Goel
Michael J. Reardon
Published in
Current Cardiology Reports | Issue 7/2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review explores the epidemiology, clinical traits, and diagnosis of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement-Associated Infective Endocarditis (TAVR-IE) and mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair infective endocarditis (TEER-IE), focusing on a multimodal imaging approach. It addresses the rising prevalence of TAVR and TEER, emphasizing the need to understand long-term complications and clinical consequences, which poses significant challenges despite advancements in valve technology.

Recent Findings

Studies report a variable incidence of TAVR-IE and TEER-IE influenced by diverse patient risk profiles and procedural factors. Younger age, male gender, and certain comorbidities emerge as patient-related risk factors. Procedure-related factors include intervention location, valve type, and technical aspects. Microbiologically, Staphylococcus aureus, Viridans Group Streptococcus, and Enterococcus are frequently encountered pathogens.

Summary

TAVR-IE and TEER-IE diagnosis involves a multimodal imaging approach due to limitations in echocardiography. Blood cultures and imaging aid identification, with Fluorescence in situ hybridization is showing promise. Treatment encompasses medical management with antibiotics and, when necessary, surgical intervention. The management approach requires a multidisciplinary "Endocarditis Team." This review underscores the need for continued research to refine risk prediction, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and optimize management strategies for TAVR-IE, considering the evolving landscape of transcatheter interventions.
Title
Infection of Transcatheter Valvular Devices
Authors
Taha Hatab
Syed Zaid
Samarthkumar J. Thakkar
Rody G. Bou Chaaya
Sachin S. Goel
Michael J. Reardon
Publication date
28-05-2024
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Cardiology Reports / Issue 7/2024
Print ISSN: 1523-3782
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3170
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-024-02076-9
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This content is intended for healthcare professionals outside of the UK.

Independent Medical Education Grant:
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Image Credits
Abstract graphic of layered, concentric circular shapes in bright green, pink, blue, and purple on a dark blue background. The rings and segments form a complex radial pattern without text/© Springer Health+ IME