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01-11-2024 | Diarrhea | Original Article

Isolation and characterization of a subtype G2c variant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus that adapts well to cell culture

Authors: Min Su, Yi Yan, Yongshuang Huang, Jianle Ren, Sheng Niu, Yujun Zhao, Fang Yan, Wen-xia Tian, Ying Wang

Published in: Archives of Virology | Issue 11/2024

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Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes the third most important disease in the pig industry, after African swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, and leads to illness or death of the entire litter, causing significant economic losses. In this study, three PEDV strains (HN-1, HN-2, and SC2023) were isolated from swine farms with suspected PEDV infections in Sichuan and Henan provinces. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete S gene sequences showed that all three strains belonged to the G2c subgroup. HN-1 adapted readily to cell culture, grew to a viral titer as high as 2 × 108 TCID50/mL in Vero cells, and caused the formation of large syncytia. We analyzed the amino acid sequence of the HN-1 isolate and found that its S1 subunit contained a three-amino-acid insertion (355KRL358). A seven-amino-acid-deletion (1377FEKVHVQ1383) in the S2 subunit resulted in the partial deletion of the endocytosis signal YxxΦ and the complete deletion of the endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal (ERRS) KVHVQ in the cytoplasmic tail of the S protein. Consequently, HN-1 is predicted to be less pathogenic than its parent strain, an attribute that facilitates rapid cell-to-cell spread by enhancing syncytium formation. In addition, strain HN-1 was found to have the mutation 884–885SG→RR, which may favor adaptation to cell culture by providing new trypsin cleavage sites. These results suggest that HN-1 is a G2c subtype variant that adapts well to cell culture and can be used to study the adaptive mechanisms of PEDV and develop attenuated vaccines.
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Literature
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go back to reference Van Diep N, Choijookhuu N, Fuke N et al (2020) New tropisms of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in pigs naturally coinfected by variants bearing large deletions in the spike (S) protein and PEDVs possessing an intact S protein. Transbound Emerg Dis 67:2589–2601. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13607CrossRefPubMed Van Diep N, Choijookhuu N, Fuke N et al (2020) New tropisms of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in pigs naturally coinfected by variants bearing large deletions in the spike (S) protein and PEDVs possessing an intact S protein. Transbound Emerg Dis 67:2589–2601. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​tbed.​13607CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Isolation and characterization of a subtype G2c variant of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus that adapts well to cell culture
Authors
Min Su
Yi Yan
Yongshuang Huang
Jianle Ren
Sheng Niu
Yujun Zhao
Fang Yan
Wen-xia Tian
Ying Wang
Publication date
01-11-2024
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Keywords
Diarrhea
Diarrhea
Published in
Archives of Virology / Issue 11/2024
Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Electronic ISSN: 1432-8798
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-06140-1

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